{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:19:32Z","timestamp":1787919572795,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and reproduction, yet its age\u2010 and sex\u2010related dynamics in dromedary camels remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate age\u2010 and sex\u2010dependent variations in pituitary thyrotroph morphometry and thyroid hormone profiles in dromedary camels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 90 clinically healthy Brela breed camels of both sexes (aged 2 to \u226511 years) were grouped based on age and physiological status (lactating and non\u2010lactating). Pituitary tissues (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 60) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)\u2010producing thyrotrophs. Morphometric parameters, including cell count, size, and nuclear dimensions, were measured. Plasma concentrations of TSH, triiodothyronine (T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and thyroxine (T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were determined using ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thyrotroph cell counts did not differ significantly among groups. However, older camels (\u226511 years) showed significantly increased cell and nuclear dimensions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Plasma TSH levels decreased with age, with peak levels observed in females aged 5\u201310 years. T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations varied significantly with age and sex, with higher levels in younger males. T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels declined with age but were not significantly influenced by sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyrotroph morphology and thyroid hormone dynamics in dromedary camels are significantly influenced by age and sex, indicating adaptive modulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis in response to metabolic and reproductive demands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:28:04Z","timestamp":1780057684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age\u2010 and Sex\u2010Dependent Dynamics in Pituitary Thyrotroph and Thyroid Hormones in Dromedary Camels (\n                    <i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>\n                    ): A Histochemical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shaukat Ali Shaukat","family":"Jaspal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mubashar","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robina","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rifat Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Lab, College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry &amp; Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Perillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterianry Medical Sciences Alma Mater, Studiorum, Univeristy of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8478-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naseer Khan","family":"Momand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterianry Medical Sciences Alma Mater, Studiorum, Univeristy of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Alhidary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi 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