{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:23Z","timestamp":1791204863202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic\u00a0viral disease transmitted through mosquito bites commonly reported in low\u2010 to medium\u2010income countries such as Nigeria. It impacts livestock productivity and trade, causing abortions and high\u00a0rates of mortality, particularly among young animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was\u00a0aimed to determine the presence of RVF virus antibodies (\n                      <jats:italic>anti\u2010RVFV IgG antibodies<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and to identify related risk factors in small ruminants within Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010six blood samples were collected; information on\u00a0species, age and sex of the animals was recorded; history of flooding was assessed based on farmer report and observation. The study used a commercial ELISA kit (competitive, multispecies) to identify the presence of RVF virus antibodies, in accordance with the manufacturer's guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study established an overall seroprevalence of RVFV antibodies of 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.9\u201357.9) in small ruminants. The prevalence\u00a0rate for sheep was higher (52.1%) compared to\u00a0goats (43.8%). Females (68.6%), young animals (51.2%) and places flooded (68.3%) showed a higher seroprevalence. The findings indicate that age (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1\u20135.2), sex (OR:2.8; 95% CI: 1.2\u20136.2) and proximity to flood\u2010prone areas (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0\u20134.3) were significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05) risk factors for the RVF virus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The studies indicate previous exposure and potential epidemiological role of small ruminants in RVF virus transmission in Maiduguri Metropolis. It is recommended that regular monitoring and effective surveillance be carried out; mosquito vector populations be regulated during flooding or rainy seasons and the public be informed about the disease's impact on humans, livestock and the economy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:21:08Z","timestamp":1788502868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survey of Rift Valley Fever Virus Antibodies and Risk Factors in Small Ruminants in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria: A Cross\u2010Sectional Serological Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5094-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sani","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamu Saleh","family":"Saidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"},{"name":"Public Health and Zoonoses Research Group Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Malaysia Kelantan  Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mamman","family":"Gashua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaibu Gidado","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Malami","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jigbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulyekeen O.","family":"Tijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Ismail","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Maiduguri: City Scoping Study","author":"African Cities Research Consortium","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/JENRR\/2019\/v3i130088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.hv\/2020\/7.5.109.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v6.31343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23880\/VIJ\u201016000130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ESE.15.10.19506\u2010EN"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20959\/wjpr20194-14570"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"A Serological Survey for Rift Valley Fever Antibody in Food Animals in Kaduna and Sokoto States of Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Ezeifeka G. 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