{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:21:31Z","timestamp":1791559291024,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The significant cross\u2010reactivity between bovine, ovine, and caprine pregnancy\u2010associated glycoproteins (PAGs) enables the adaptation of bovine\u2010specific diagnostics for use in other ruminants; consequently, the Alertys OnFarm Pregnancy Test (AOFPT)\u2014a blood\u2010based lateral flow assay\u2014provides a rapid and practical solution for pregnancy detection directly at the animal's head under field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated to assess and validate the performance of AOFPT in goats at days 21 and 28 post\u2010mating, by comparing the results with serum progesterone (P4) analysis and using transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) as the gold standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study involved 85 Kilis goats, five months post\u2010partum. Estrus was synchronized using an 11\u2010day progestagen device, d\u2010cloprostenol, and PMSG. Whole blood and serum samples were collected on Days 21 and 28 post\u2010mating. AOFPT was performed on\u2010farm immediately after collection. For validation, serum progesterone concentrations were measured via electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and TAUS was performed on Days 35 and 42, with Day 42 findings serving as the gold standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results indicated that on Day 21, AOFPT sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 79.4%, 93.8%, 98.2%, and 51.7%, respectively. By Day 28, these metrics reached 100%, 81.3%, 95.8%, and 100%. Statistical agreement between AOFPT and the reference method was K = 0.55 (82.14%) on Day 21 and K = 0.87 (96.43%) on Day 28 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Median \u00b1 interquartile range (IQR) of P4 concentrations were 5.95\u00b12.60\u00a0ng\/mL on day 21 and 6.92 \u00b1 2.93\u00a0ng\/mL on Day 28. AOFPT\u2010identified pregnant goats exhibited significantly higher P4 levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) than non\u2010pregnant goats on Day 21 (5.98 \u00b1 3.21\u00a0vs. 4.05 \u00b1 5.46) and Day 28 (6.84 \u00b1 3.06\u00a0vs. 0.75 \u00b1 5.96).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AOFPT demonstrated accuracy and reliability closely matching P4 measurements and the reference method. This test provides a practical tool for early on\u2010farm pregnancy diagnosis in goats, potentially enhancing reproductive management and productivity in dairy goat farms and large herds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:21:12Z","timestamp":1781018472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of a Pregnancy\u2010Associated Glycoprotein\u2013Based Lateral Flow Assay for Early Pregnancy Detection in Goats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6282-9857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Can","family":"Kara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Samanda\u011f District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Samanda\u011f  Hatay T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1863-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe Merve","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hatay Mustafa Kemal University  Hatay T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2022.106722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18016\/ksutarimdoga.vi.668707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/958540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Trends in Development of Pregnancy Diagnosis Techniques in Ruminants","volume":"20","author":"Bar\u0131k S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"e\u2010planet"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100531.2003.00407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100531.2009.01511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010019\u201002130\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11110574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Dawson L.2002. \u201cPregnancy Diagnosis in Goats.\u201d In:Proceedings of the 17th Annual Goat Field Day Langston University 27April 2002 41\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Application of Ultrasonic Doppler Technique for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Local Assam Goat","volume":"8","author":"Devi N. 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