{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:57:42Z","timestamp":1791925062967,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cold stress and high\u2010altitude hypoxia cause pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in broilers via cardiac overload, oxidative\u2010inflammatory stress, and ET\u20101\/NO imbalance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examined whether hawthorn (\n                      <jats:italic>Crataegus oxyacantha<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) extract could mitigate these effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 225 one\u2010day\u2010old Ross 308 broilers reared at an altitude of 2100 m under cold stress were divided into three groups receiving 0, 0.2, or 0.4\u00a0mL\/L hawthorn extract in drinking water. Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly to calculate weight gain and feed conversion ratio. On day 42, cardiac performance, blood biomarkers (NO, haematocrit, heterophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio), electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, serum antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), and cardiac gene expression of ET\u20101 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hawthorn extract (0.4\u00a0mL\/L) increased NO by 57.1%, SOD activity by 16.4%, and GPx activity by 20.6% and\u00a0decreased haematocrit by 13.1%, heterophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio by 26.6%, and heterophil counts by 17.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Feed intake was unchanged (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05), but weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved dose\u2010dependently, with maximal efficiency at 0.4\u00a0mL\/L (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight by 25.0%, right ventricular [RV] weights by 36.9%, and RV: total ventricular ratio by 30%) and ECG amplitudes (R wave by 23.1%, S wave by 31.2% in Lead II) were reduced (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), accompanied by cardiac iNOS upregulation (212.5\u2010fold) and ET\u20101 downregulation by 0.27\u2010fold at 0.4\u00a0mL\/L (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). NO correlated inversely with ET\u20101 expression, hypertrophy markers, and ECG parameters (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hawthorn extract (0.4\u00a0mL\/L) enhanced cardiovascular adaptation and growth performance in cold\u2010stressed, hypoxic broilers by modulating NO\/ET\u20101 pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and improving cardiac function, supporting its use as a natural intervention to reduce PHS and improve poultry health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:11:01Z","timestamp":1781536261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Crataegus oxyacantha<\/i>\n                    Extract Enhances Cardiac Adaptation and Reduces Oxidative\u2010Inflammatory Stress in Broiler Chickens Raised at High Altitude Under Cold Stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Behnam","family":"Ahmadipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hassanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahrekord University  Shahrekord Iran"},{"name":"Health Equity Research Center Shahed University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Abaszadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Kalantar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Qom's Agricultural Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization Jihad\u2010e\u2010Keshavarzi Ministry  Qom Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04813-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2018-0860"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"Pe501","article-title":"Effect of Urtica dioica on Serum Parameters and Genes Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Endothelin\u20101 in Broiler Chickens Involved in Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadipour B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0170044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2018.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Dual Investigations Into Broiler Health: Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Ascites Susceptibility and G\u20101, 25 (oh) 2D3\u2010Driven Modulation of Bone and Gut Integrity in Lameness","author":"Al\u2010Mitib L. 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