{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:34:12Z","timestamp":1791106452497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine & Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Stress management is vital for safe avian anaesthesia. Intranasal (IN) midazolam\u2013butorphanol may reduce handling stress and anaesthetic requirements in buzzards (\n Buteo<\/jats:italic>\n spp.)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the clinical efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of IN midazolam\u2013butorphanol premedication compared to mask induction with sevoflurane in buzzards.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixteen juvenile buzzards of undetermined sex were randomly allocated into two equal groups. The experimental group received IN midazolam (2\u00a0mg\/kg) and butorphanol (1\u00a0mg\/kg). The control group received sevoflurane mask induction without premedication. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (\n f<\/jats:italic>\n R<\/jats:sub>\n ), ECG, SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n Pe'CO<\/jats:sc>\n \n 2<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:sub>\n , body temperature and sevoflurane vaporiser setting (SVS) were monitored at 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Aortic peak velocity (APV) was measured via echocardiography. Data (mean \u00b1 SD) were compared using Student's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test, and repeated\u2010measures ANOVA (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between groups regarding peri\u2010anaesthetic,\n f<\/jats:italic>\n R<\/jats:sub>\n , body temperature,\n Pe'CO<\/jats:sc>\n \n 2<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:sub>\n and APV. However, SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n was significantly higher in the premedicated group at 15 min (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.045). Notably, the premedicated group required significantly lower SVS at 0 and 5 min compared to the control group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Repeated\u2010measures analysis indicated significant differences in SVS (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.042) and HR (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.033) with the control group showing higher SVS and lower HR; regarding ECG parameters, both QT (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001) and ST intervals (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.011) were significantly prolonged in the control group. All physiological variables remained within acceptable limits, and all birds recovered uneventfully from anaesthesia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The IN midazolam\u2013butorphanol provided superior induction quality, significantly reduced inhalant anaesthetic requirements and maintained stable cardiopulmonary function. This protocol is a practical alternative for the anaesthetic management of traumatised buzzards.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:40:15Z","timestamp":1781872815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Intranasal Midazolam\u2013Butorphanol Premedication on Sevoflurane Anaesthesia in Traumatised Buzzards (\n Buteo<\/i>\n spp.)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-1130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Nacar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wild Animal Diseases and Ecology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz May\u0131s University Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice Ozlem","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz May\u0131s University Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24099\/vet.arhiv.1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.1067-1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2015-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.10.1560"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2009.01102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.11.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1501\/Vetfak_0000002291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.12.1246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"747","volume-title":"Clinical Avian Medicine","author":"Edling T. 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