{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:19Z","timestamp":1787922979015,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is common in horses, and nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a known risk factor for gastrointestinal ulceration. Although COX\u20102 selective NSAIDs such as firocoxib theoretically offer a better safety profile, endoscopic evidence for their mucosal safety at high off\u2010label doses is lacking. Objectives: To compare the effects of label\u2010dose flunixin meglumine and high\u2010dose firocoxib on the gastric mucosa of a small selected group of horses using serial gastroscopy and histopathology in a descriptive pilot study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty mixed\u2010breed horses were allocated non\u2010randomly to control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10), flunixin meglumine (1.1\u00a0mg\/kg IM,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5), or firocoxib (1.0\u00a0mg\/kg PO,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5) groups, treated once daily for 5 days. Gastroscopic evaluation and histopathological analysis were performed before (Day 1) and after treatment (Day 6).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No glandular disease was observed. Low prevalence of pre\u2010existing squamous lesions was found in all groups without progression after treatment. Histopathological scores revealed baseline incomparability, with marked cellular infiltrate present only in the flunixin group at Day 1 (60%). Within\u2010group analyses showed no significant changes between time points (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). The use of NSAIDs effectively resolved lameness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this small descriptive pilot study, limited by non\u2010randomised allocation and small sample size, the study found no detectable short\u2010term gastric mucosal injury associated with high\u2010dose firocoxib within the limits of this study. Due to the non\u2010randomised design, no causal conclusions can be drawn. These hypothesis\u2010generating findings require confirmation in adequately powered randomised trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:06:57Z","timestamp":1783526817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastroscopic Evaluation of Gastric Mucosa in Horses Treated With Flunixin Meglumine or High\u2010Dose Firocoxib: A Descriptive Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Renato Abrantes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre da Silva","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco D\u00e9cio de Oliveira","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Tocantins (IFTO), Campus Araguatins  Araguatins Tocantins Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Paulo Maia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine Institute Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 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