{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:18Z","timestamp":1787922978971,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foot\u2010and\u2010mouth disease (FMD), caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease of cloven\u2010hooved animals that causes significant economic losses worldwide, including in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was designed to assess FMDV antibodies and associated risk factors among sheep and goats in selected districts of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study was conducted from July to December 2023 in three districts of Dhaka Division in Bangladesh to assess the seroprevalence of FMDV in unvaccinated sheep and goats. For this, a total of 372 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0372) blood samples were collected aseptically for serum separation and tested for antibodies against FMDV\u2010nonstructural protein (NSP) using a commercially available ELISA kit. The hypothesized risk factors data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed via chi\u2010square tests and logistic regression models to identify their association with FMD seropositivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall seroprevalence of FMDV was 20.97% (78\/372); sheep 50.0% (20\/40), goats 17.5% (58\/332). Firth's penalized multivariable logistic regression identified species (sheep) (AOR\u00a0=\u00a017.2, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a06.77\u201348.2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), district (Narsingdi) (AOR\u00a0=\u00a00.32, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.13\u20130.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), (Gazipur) (AOR\u00a0=\u00a017.1, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a05.21\u201369,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), feeding system (grazing) (AOR\u00a0=\u00a09.53, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a03.45\u201329.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), river\u2010basin ecology (AOR\u00a0=\u00a06.32, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.09\u201322.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and animal introduction (AOR\u00a0=\u00a02.33, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.02\u20135.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.044) as independent risk factors for FMD seropositivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study observed a high seroprevalence of FMDV in sheep and goats within the Dhaka division and highlights the need for broader and routine surveillance of FMD in small ruminants across Bangladesh, alongside cattle and buffaloes, to better understand its epidemiology and inform control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T14:43:18Z","timestamp":1782657798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Serological Evidence of Foot\u2010and\u2010Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Infection Among Sheep and Goats in Selected Districts of Central Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3144-2739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahmina","family":"Sikder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Jisan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basant","family":"Saud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasmiah","family":"Tarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Imran","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anowar","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center (TADRC) Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Abdus","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center (TADRC) Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munazah","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6358-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadeem","family":"Shabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Sher\u2010e\u2010Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir  Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0465-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won\u2010Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Jeonbuk National University  Iksan\u2010si Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8384-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Khatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122407"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6821809"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000713.v4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705\u2010020\u201004711\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2008.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865\u20101682.2011.01236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1201578"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865\u20101682.2009.01094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1998.0338"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2023.105842"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234286"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","volume-title":"Sampling Techniques","author":"Cochran W. 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