{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:12Z","timestamp":1787922972372,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing interface between human and non\u2010human primate populations in urban centres presents a shared environmental health risk. This risk is particularly prominent at religious sites where close interactions are culturally motivated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in free\u2010ranging rhesus macaques (\n                      <jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) at two UNESCO World Heritage sites in Kathmandu, Nepal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An opportunistic, non\u2010invasive cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in July and August 2024. Freshly voided faecal samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 105) were collected from macaques at Pashupatinath Temple (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 45) and Swayambhunath Stupa (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 60). The samples were processed using standard coprological techniques, including zinc sulphate flotation and sedimentation, for microscopic examination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of GI parasites was 77.1% (81\/105). Nine genera were identified, comprising four protozoans and five helminths, eight of which contain species with recognized zoonotic potential. The most prevalent parasites were\n                      <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (37.1%), Strongyle\u2010type eggs (25.7%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (20.0%). Double infections were the most frequent pattern (41.0%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high burden of potentially zoonotic parasite genera in macaques at these popular international sites highlights substantial environmental contamination and a shared exposure risk at the human\u2013macaque interface. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated sanitation, public awareness, and management strategies guided by a One Health framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:16:51Z","timestamp":1783527411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastrointestinal Parasites of Free\u2010Ranging Rhesus Macaques (\n                    <i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>\n                    ) in Kathmandu: A One Health Perspective on Shared Environmental Risks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6982-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yashoda","family":"Khadka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries Agriculture and 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