{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:16Z","timestamp":1787922976030,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine & Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Shiga toxin\u2013producing\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (STEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen and a global public health concern due to its association with foodborne disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to determine the prevalence of STEC and general\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n carriage in Black Bengal goats in Bangladesh and assess associated risk factors for zoonotic transmission.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 300 goats (200 diarrheic and 100 healthy) were sampled from the Shahedul Alam Quadary Teaching Veterinary Hospital and its surrounding areas between July 2023 and June 2024. Recto\u2010anal junction swabs were cultured on MacConkey agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, and cefixime\u2010tellurite\u2013supplemented Sorbitol MacConkey agar. Sorbitol non\u2010fermenting colonies were screened for uniplex PCR for\n stx1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n stx2<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n and multiplex PCR for\n eae<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n ehxA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n saa<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n subA<\/jats:italic>\n genes using multiplex PCR.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, 4.3% of isolates were sorbitol non\u2010fermenters. Molecular characterization revealed that one isolate (0.3%) from a diarrheic goat carried the\n stx2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ehxA<\/jats:italic>\n genes, while another isolate (0.3%) from a healthy goat was positive for\n saa<\/jats:italic>\n and\n subA<\/jats:italic>\n . No isolates carried\n stx1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n , or\n eae<\/jats:italic>\n . The isolation rate of\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (non\u2010STEC) was significantly higher in diarrheic goats than in healthy ones (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Risk factor analysis revealed significant associations between general\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n carriage and several factors, including frequent child\u2013animal contact (OR = 2.45,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.031), shared living spaces (OR = 2.36,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.045), and farms near waterlogged areas (OR = 3.72,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008). Mixed livestock rearing and seasonal humidity also contributed to increased\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n carriage.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These findings, although representing a low overall prevalence, demonstrate the presence of diverse virulence profiles in Black Bengal goats, including markers associated with severe human disease in LEE\u2010negative strains. The detection of\n saa<\/jats:italic>\n and\n subA<\/jats:italic>\n suggests that these goats may serve as a reservoir for atypical STEC strains with zoonotic potential, necessitating broader surveillance strategies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:41:50Z","timestamp":1783690910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection and Zoonotic Implications of Shiga Toxin\u2013Producing\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n in Black Bengal Goats in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shubho","family":"Sutradhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Services Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shormin","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayeda Ayesha","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Services Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeb","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Services Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Rigan","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Services Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshammat Naifa","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Services Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAC Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sharifuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Annual Climate Report","author":"Bangladesh Meteorological Department","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1995.tb01325.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1795","article-title":"Detection of Shiga Toxin\u2010Producing Escherichia coli by PCR","volume":"41","author":"Brett K. 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