{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:19:27Z","timestamp":1787919567909,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P151847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P151847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine & Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Extended\u2010spectrum\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n in poultry is an emerging One Health concern, yet comparative data on intensive versus free\u2010range systems in sub\u2010Saharan Africa remain sparse.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare the prevalence, susceptibility profiles and\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010lactamase gene content of ESBL\u2010producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n from intensively reared and free\u2010range chickens in Central Province, Zambia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In a cross\u2010sectional study (March\u2013April 2021), 112 pooled faecal samples (56 per production system; 10 birds per sampling point) were collected across seven veterinary camps in Kabwe and Kapiri Mposhi districts and processed within 24\u00a0h. Presumptive ESBL\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n was isolated on MacConkey agar with 2\u00a0mg\/L cefotaxime and identified biochemically. Susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials was tested by Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion per CLSI M100 (2020), and ESBL production was confirmed by combination\u2010disc synergy.\n \n bla\n CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n bla\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n were detected by multiplex PCR. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test with 95% Wilson confidence intervals (CIs).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n ESBL\u2010producing\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n was recovered from 13\/112 pooled samples (11.6%, 95% CI: 6.9%\u201318.9%), with no difference between intensively reared (7\/56, 12.5%) and free\u2010range (6\/56, 10.7%) chickens (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.00). All 13 isolates were multidrug\u2010resistant, with the highest resistance to tetracycline and cefotaxime (both 100%), streptomycin (84.6%) and sulfamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim (69.2%).\n \n bla\n CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n was present in all 13 isolates,\n \n bla\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n in 4 (30.8%) and\n \n bla\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n in 1 (7.7%), with co\u2010carriage in 5 isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Multidrug\u2010resistant,\n \n bla\n CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2010driven ESBL\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n circulates at comparable levels in both production systems, consistent with environmental dissemination. Integrated One Health surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship are warranted.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T17:34:01Z","timestamp":1784223241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Extended\u2010Spectrum\n \u03b2<\/i>\n \u2010Lactamase\u2010Producing\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n Isolated From Intensively Reared and Free\u2010Range Chickens in Selected Districts of Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5410-7665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Chawinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Blantyre Malawi"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Government of the Republic of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard M.","family":"Hang'ombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Mainda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Government of the Republic of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Mbaimbai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liywalii","family":"Mataa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Government of the Republic of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kabwali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusya Y.","family":"Goma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Government of the Republic of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Muuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Government of the Republic of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musso","family":"Munyeme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajhab Sawasawa","family":"Mkakosya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5236-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac Thom","family":"Shawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Blantyre Malawi"},{"name":"Biomedical and Forensic Sciences Department University of Derby Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.79371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"CLSI Supplement M100","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Heat Treatment of Bacteria: A Simple Method of DNA Extraction for Molecular Techniques","volume":"41","author":"Dashti A. 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