{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:14Z","timestamp":1787922974266,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008973","name":"University of Kurdistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uncapping behaviour of Varroa\u2011infested brood cells is a critical social\u2011immunity mechanism in honeybees, enabling colonies to detect and remove parasitized brood. This trait reduces mite reproduction and pathogen transmission and is increasingly recognized as a valuable phenotypic marker for breeding Varroa\u2011resistant colonies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify robust genomic markers associated with uncapping behaviour by applying a statistically rigorous GWAS framework that overcomes the potential inflated associations and limited resolution of earlier fixed\u2011model approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genome\u2011wide association analyses were performed using linear and logistic mixed models within a leave\u2011one\u2011chromosome\u2011out (MLM\u2011LOCO) design on Affymetrix 44K single\u2010nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data. This framework explicitly accounted for population structure and relatedness, thereby improving model accuracy and reducing false\u2011positive signals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both linear and logistic models identified seven loci each, with substantial overlap between approaches. Across analyses, three SNPs and nine genes consistently emerged as strong candidate genomic markers for uncapping behaviour in response to Varroa infestation. These genes encompass diverse biological functions, including immune defence, epithelial integrity, vesicle trafficking, sensory perception, metabolism, RNA regulation, stress response, and apoptosis, underscoring the complex molecular architecture underlying this behavioural trait.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MLM\u2011LOCO approach provided enhanced statistical power and eliminated inflated associations observed in fixed\u2011effect models, yielding a reliable set of candidate loci. These findings establish a solid genomic foundation for selective breeding of Varroa\u2011resistant colonies and contribute to long\u2011term strategies for sustainable apiculture and improved pollinator health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:51:43Z","timestamp":1784818303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leave\u2010One\u2010Chromosome\u2010Out Association Testing Decodes Uncapping Behaviour in Honeybees During\n                    <i>Varroa destructor<\/i>\n                    Infestation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7037-2956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peymaneh","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Kurdistan  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Razmkabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Kurdistan  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.610617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davoodi P. 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