{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:12Z","timestamp":1787922972377,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a zoonotic protozoan parasite of significant concern in both public and animal health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 135 captive tigers (\n                      <jats:italic>Panthera tigris<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) across seven tiger parks in Thailand. Tiger parks, as theme\u2010based wildlife attractions, are high\u2010risk venues for zoonotic disease transmission due to the close contact between humans and captive wild animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      specific antibodies was determined using a latex agglutination test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serological analysis revealed that 42.96% (58\/135; 95% CI: 34.48\u201351.76) of the tigers tested positive for\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies. Females exhibited a significantly higher occurrence of 51.43% (36\/70; 39.17\u201363.56) compared to males at 33.85% (22\/65; 22.57\u201346.65) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.039). Ordinal logistic regression model was applied to assess the influence of sex and age on\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010specific antibodies. The results demonstrated that both sex and age were significantly associated with the level of antibodies. Female tigers exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of seropositive titre (OR = 20.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026), and the probability of titre increased with age (OR = 1.91,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings highlight the potential risk of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmission in captive tiger populations and emphasize the importance of regular surveillance and improved management practices in reducing zoonotic transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1784568267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occurrence and Risk Factors of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Infection in Tigers (\n                    <i>Panthera tigris<\/i>\n                    ) in Thailand: Influence of Age and Sex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4091-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phirom","family":"Prompiram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals Faculty of Veterinary Science Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom 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