{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:26Z","timestamp":1791204866054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004567","name":"Ministry of Education, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["37.20.0000.004.033.005.2014.1328\/1(10)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37.20.0000.004.033.005.2014.1328\/1(10)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004567","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The removal of antibiotics from poultry feed has created substantial challenges in commercial layer farming, underscoring the need for safe and sustainable alternatives to safeguard flock health and ensure consumer egg safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone and in combination with\n                      <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      as alternatives to antibiotics on laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, immune competence and caecal microbial populations in layer chickens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experimental microorganisms were isolated from yoghurt and fermented corn dough, and two probiotic formulations were prepared: Probiotic 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and Probiotic 2;\n                      <jats:italic>L. plantarum\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). A total of 240 Isa Brown pullets were randomly allocated to four treatments, each with five replicates of twelve birds. The treatments were T1 (control), T2 (flavomycin; 14\u00a0mg\/L water), T3 (Probiotic 1; 1\u00a0mL\/L water) and T4 (Probiotic 2; 1\u00a0mL\/L water).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementation with either probiotics (T3 and T4) significantly increased hen\u2010day egg production, egg weight and egg mass, while improving feed conversion ratio (FCR). The egg surface area and shell thickness were also significantly higher in the T3 and T4 groups. Among internal egg quality traits, albumen index, yolk weight and Haugh unit values were significantly improved by T3 and T4. Dietary T2 significantly reduced the white blood cell (WBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, whereas T3 and T4 increased WBC counts and reduced blood cholesterol level (BCL) in laying hens. All treated groups exhibited significantly greater Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titre compared to T1. The T2 group showed the lowest total bacterial count, whereas T3 and T4 groups had significantly reduced coliform and enhanced lactic acid bacteria populations in the caecum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone or combined with\n                      <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      can effectively replace antibiotics in commercial layer production by improving laying performance, egg quality, immunity and gut microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:05:58Z","timestamp":1785920758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of\n                    <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    Alone and in Combination With\n                    <i>Saccharomyces<\/i>\n                    as Alternatives to Antibiotics on Performance and Immunity in Laying Hens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2278-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Jahangir","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Management Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4851-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Tabasum","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Saiful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Management Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6010-140X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahfuzul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Parasitology Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mahabbat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Management Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Sher\u2010e\u2010Bangla Agricultural University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang\u2010Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science &amp; Technology Sunchon National University  Suncheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2018.1496400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jdvar.2015.02.00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12172297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660500065425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2005.323.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Method of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2002"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Probiotic and Prebiotic on Growth Indices and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens","volume":"5","author":"Ashayerizadeh A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104\u2010023\u201000853\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/gscarr.2021.7.1.0064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2024.100423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071667508416224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516\u2010635X2012000200009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15547\/bjvm.1084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1399\/eps.2016.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT.2025.The FAO Statistics Database.FAOSTAT.https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojvm.2024.143004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2008.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.1993.tb00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Influence of Flavomycin on Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens","volume":"5","author":"Habib A. B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23183-9_1"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effect of Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Adding to Diets on Intestinal Microflora and Performance of Hy\u2010Line Layers Hens","volume":"6","author":"Hassanein S. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of American Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.1.114-123.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755\u20101315\/251\/1\/012062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"Essentials of Veterinary Haematology","author":"Jain N. C.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1208","volume-title":"Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology","author":"Kandler O.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568\u2010020\u201000989\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012\u201002686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1554502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.104849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806\u20109061\u20102018\u20100756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580\u2010021\u201003208\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.d2873"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Efficacy of Lactobacilli to Normalize Production of Corticosterone Induced by Unpleasant Handling of Broilers","volume":"40","author":"Meimandipour A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"South African Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/sja.v23i1.79045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","author":"NRC","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.19.5636-5643.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.987241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biol\u20102019\u20100009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20210026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2022.100257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.71257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","volume-title":"SAS STAT User's Guide, Version 9.1","author":"SAS","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1987846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31254\/phyto.2017.6605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0640901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0531118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2007\u201000064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.2.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1195382"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"In Vitro Cholesterol Uptake by Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolates","volume":"7","author":"Ziarno M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Technologia Alimentaria"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:24:50Z","timestamp":1791203090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71120","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71120"}}