{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:17Z","timestamp":1791204857291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lumpy skin disease is a transboundary viral disease of cattle associated with substantial economic losses and increasing geographic spread. Although Kazakhstan is currently considered free from active LSD outbreaks, the presence of transboundary risk necessitates continued surveillance. This study aimed to estimate the animal\u2010 and herd\u2010level seroprevalence of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle, assess associations between seropositivity, herd size and geographic region, and evaluate livestock owners\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the disease in selected regions of Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted between April and September 2025 in 12 districts across the West Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar and Aktobe regions. Serum samples from 338 cattle were tested for LSDV\u2010specific antibodies using a commercial ELISA, and structured questionnaires were administered to 533 livestock owners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall animal\u2010level seroprevalence was 23.4% (95% CI: 19.0\u201328.1), while 18.8% (95% CI: 13.6\u201324.9) of herds had at least one seropositive animal. Seropositivity varied significantly by region and herd size; however, because vaccination traceability data were unavailable and the serological assay could not differentiate antibodies induced by natural infection from those associated with previous vaccination, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. KAP assessment revealed high general awareness of LSD; however, limited recognition of vector\u2010borne transmission and inconsistent implementation of preventive measures were evident.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight regional heterogeneity in exposure risk and underscore the importance of risk\u2010based surveillance, strengthened biosecurity and targeted farmer education to support LSD prevention in Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:46:42Z","timestamp":1786366002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease and Livestock Owners\u2019 Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Selected Districts of Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Assylay","family":"Sarzhigitova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lespek","family":"Kutumbetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems  Gvardeiskiy Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4238-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuandyk","family":"Zhugunissov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems  Gvardeiskiy Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0548-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raikhan","family":"Nissanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute  Almaty Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazerke","family":"Kemalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigul","family":"Kaliyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarsenbay","family":"Abdrakhmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerzhan","family":"Ospanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute  Almaty Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Burambayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zootechnology and Veterinary Science Toraighyrov University  Pavlodar Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Issimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulmira","family":"Abulgazimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University  Astana Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Kassymbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zootechnology and Veterinary Science Toraighyrov University  Pavlodar Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010025\u201010954\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865\u20101682.2008.01043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92411-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010024\u201004067\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010021\u201002613\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Amirgazin A. andA.Ragatova.2020.Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Strain KZ\u2010Kostanay\u20102018 Partial Genome (GenBank: MT992618.1) National Library of Medicine.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/MT992618.1."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2022.105660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14091167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1553"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12040335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13020191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24124-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"\u201cAgricultural Census 2025 \u201dBureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.https:\/\/stat.gov.kz\/en\/national\/agriculture2025\/publication\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2024.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"MapTiler Team.2022. \u201cEPSG.io: Relationships With Local Geodetic Systems.\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/epsg.io."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2019.1650447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118280249.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"Arsham H.\u201cDescriptive Sampling Data Analysis\u2014Statistical Thinking for Managerial Decision Making.\u201dDr. Arsham's Statistics Site.310. 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