{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:06Z","timestamp":1791204846652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Salmonellosis is an important foodborne and zoonotic disease commonly related to the ingestion of poultry products contaminated with\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Although a wide range of poultry farming practices are widely practised in the region, public health concerns regarding the distribution of foodborne zoonotic pathogens at the human\u2013poultry interface remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. at the human\u2010egg layer farm interface in the Mekelle and southeast zones, Tigrai, Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from 1 January to 30 June 2025. Data were collected from poultry farm personnel, and 44 stool samples from farm workers, 44 pooled eggshell swab samples and 44 fresh fecal samples from egg\u2010laying hens were collected. Standard microbiological procedures, including pre\u2010enrichment, selective enrichment, selective isolation and biochemical identification, were used to detect suspected\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered, cleaned and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. were identified from the collected specimens. Of these, 2 (4.55%) were isolated from fecal samples of egg\u2010laying hens and 1 (2.27%) from pooled eggshell swab samples. However,\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. were not detected among stool samples collected from farm workers. More than 80% of farm workers reported not practicing hand washing after handling eggs, and 68% lacked knowledge about disease\u2010causing pathogens that may be transmitted through eggshell contact. No statistically significant association was observed between\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. occurrence and the assessed risk factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that isolates were resistant to \u03b2\u2010lactams, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, and two of the three isolates were multidrug resistant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The detection of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., including multidrug\u2010resistant strains, in egg\u2010layer farm environments indicates a potential public health concern. Strengthening biosecurity measures, improving hygiene practices, promoting responsible antimicrobial use and implementing continuous One Health surveillance are essential to minimise the risk of pathogen transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T16:42:22Z","timestamp":1786293742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation, Associated Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    spp. in Human Stool, Eggshell Swab and Feces of Egg\u2010Laying Hens in Mekelle and Southeast Zones of Tigrai, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsebaha Gebrekidan","family":"Kahsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mekelle University  Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsehaye","family":"Asmelash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1856-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enquebaher","family":"Kassaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mekelle University  Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2437-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2025.100544"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070773"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4227460"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.8026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes1030413"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15162377"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.10.2071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.2020.Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. 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