{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:57:51Z","timestamp":1790668671723,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The diet of Japanese quail (\n                      <jats:italic>Coturnix japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) during the critical post\u2010hatching period (0\u201314 days) provides a basis for long\u2010term productivity, but the exact lysine requirements are not well characterized in modern high\u2010yield strains. Precision poultry nutrition requires updated amino acid (AA) recommendations that account for interactions between dietary crude protein (CP) and lysine, the reference AA for ideal protein specification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine optimal lysine requirements for growing Japanese quail (0\u201314 days) at three CP levels (22%, 24%, 26%) using a dose\u2013response method, and to compare linear versus quadratic broken\u2010line models for estimating lysine thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A fully randomized factorial design used 900 Japanese quail chicks allocated to 15 dietary treatments (3 CP \u00d7 5 lysine levels: 0.95%, 1.1%, 1.25%, 1.4 %and 1.55 %). Growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Lysine requirements were estimated by linear and quadratic broken\u2010line regression using the non\u2010linear least squares (NLIN) procedure in Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software version 9.4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary CP and lysine levels significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) affected all growth parameters. Optimal lysine (1.4%) maximized body weight (73.93\u00a0g), weight gain (66.50\u00a0g) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) (2.70). Significant interactions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) occurred between CP and lysine for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and PER. Lysine requirements for weight gain using the linear broken\u2010line model were 1.20%, 1.32% and 1.4% for 22%, 24% and 26% CP, respectively, showing superior fit (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 66.24%\u201394.45%) compared to quadratic models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lysine requirements of Japanese quail depend on dietary CP level. The linear broken\u2010line model is more reliable than the quadratic approach. Producers should use 1.32%\u20131.42% lysine in starter diets, adjusting according to CP content. Future research should confirm these requirements under commercial production conditions and explore interactions with other key AAs in reduced formulae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:41:36Z","timestamp":1790667696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lysine Requirements in Starter\u2010Phase Japanese Quail (\n                    <i>Coturnix japonica<\/i>\n                    ) Through Dose\u2013Response Modelling: Interactions With Dietary Protein Level"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0778-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Valizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Ta.C. Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4654-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Taghinejad\u2010Roudbaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Ta.C. Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruhollah","family":"Kianfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15223323"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3184\/175815514\u00d714152945166603"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2020.1857887"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2014.3297"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201055006\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15637"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Growth Performance of Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Fed Two Types of Commercial Broiler Diet","volume":"3","author":"Doka E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.5.718"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369\u20105266(00)00170\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15111559"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2025.1500706"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12787"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26188791"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.5.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103792"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14020197"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14183262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfw030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105949"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10020098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems6020042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","author":"National Research Council (NRC)","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102914"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101708"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8413_supple155x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","volume-title":"Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine: Feedstuff Composition and Nutritional Requirements","author":"Rostagno H. 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