{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:55:27Z","timestamp":1791204927977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Valine (Val) is an essential branched\u2010chain amino acid that plays a critical role in protein synthesis and reproductive function in poultry. However, the optimal dietary Val requirement for laying Japanese quail fed reduced\u2010protein diets remains insufficiently defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of graded dietary Val levels on reproductive performance, egg quality, hatchability, and hepatic and ovarian histomorphometry in laying Japanese quail under protein\u2010restricted conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 375 Japanese quail (300 females and 75 males; 47\u201398 days of age) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments containing 0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%, 0.95%, or 1.05% Val, with five replicates per treatment. Productive performance was recorded weekly, egg quality traits were assessed periodically, and organs weights, ovarian follicular development, and hepatic histomorphology were evaluated at the end of the experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary Val significantly affected egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Quail fed 0.95% Val achieved the highest egg production and the most efficient feed conversion. Egg physical characteristics, including size and shape indices, were also improved at this supplementation level. Hatchability traits were not significantly influenced by dietary Val, although true hatchability was numerically greatest in the 0.95% Val group. Histological analyses demonstrated enhanced folliculogenesis and reduced hepatocyte and nuclear diameters in birds receiving 0.95% Val, indicating improved ovarian development without evidence of hepatic stress.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 0.95% dietary Val optimizes reproductive performance, egg quality, and ovarian development in laying Japanese quail fed reduced\u2010protein diets. Increasing Val beyond this level provides no additional productive advantages and may impose greater hepatic metabolic demand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1785921271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graded Levels of Dietary Valine in Protein\u2010Restricted Diets: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Tissue Morphology in Laying Japanese Quail"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Morteza Pashaei","family":"Jalal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Science Faculty of Agricultural Technology University of Tehran  Pakdasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Alizadeh Moghadam Masouleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine ACECR  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Basic and Population Based Studies in NCD Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center Royan Institute ACECR  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-7600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Davood","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Science Faculty of Agricultural Technology University of Tehran  Pakdasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7273-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abouzar","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Poultry Science Faculty of Agricultural Technology University of Tehran  Pakdasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2020.1857887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2007.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2014.989487"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117000660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802842RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Broderick G. A2006. \u201cNutritional Strategies to Reduce Crude Protein in Dairy Diets.\u201d InProceeding 21st Southwest Nutrition and Management Conference 23\u201324.American Dairy Science Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12212953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9410-4_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03491-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/epsj.2018.17102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"The Haugh Unit for Measuring Egg Quality","volume":"43","author":"Haugh R. R.","year":"1937","journal-title":"US Egg & Poultry Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/peu008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/gct\u2010157575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101715"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2021.1905775"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520701629716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.3.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2023.100302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61186\/rap.15.43.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine: Feed Composition and Nutritional Requirements","author":"Rostagno H. 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