{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:07Z","timestamp":1791204847666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess clinical and radiographic outcomes of multiple intramedullary and skewer pin fixation in complex humeral and femoral fractures of cats and small\u2010breed dogs as an alternative fixation strategy in selected clinical cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 32 client\u2010owned animals treated between 2015 and 2025 at six private veterinary clinics. Complex fractures with comminution, distal fragment involvement or limited fragment size were stabilised using multiple intramedullary Steinmann pins with optional skewer pins and\/or cerclage wires. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated for alignment. Healing time and walking outcomes (Grade 1\u20134) were recorded. Statistical analyses included Chi\u2010square tests and one\u2010way ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anatomical alignment was achieved in 26\/32 fractures (81%). Mean healing time was 3.3 months. Functional outcome was excellent (Grade 1) in 24\/32 cases (75%) and good (Grade 2) in 6\/32 cases (19%). One case showed poor function (3%), and outcome was unknown in one case. No statistically significant association was identified between alignment and walking outcome (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). No postoperative infections or non\u2010unions were observed. Mild implant migration and malalignment occurred in some cases but did not prevent satisfactory functional recovery in most animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple intramedullary and skewer pin fixation can provide satisfactory stabilisation and functional recovery in complex humeral and femoral fractures of cats and small\u2010breed dogs when applied carefully and supported by appropriate postoperative management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:08:40Z","timestamp":1785920920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple Intramedullary and Skewer Pin Fixation for Complex Humeral and Femoral Fractures in Cats and Small\u2010Breed Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9524-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yetkin","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature \u0130stanbul Technical University  \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u2010950X.2009.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"The Effect of Fixation With Intramedullary Rods and Plates on Fracture\u2010Site Blood Flow and Bone Remodeling in Dogs","volume":"59","author":"Barron S. 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L.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"External Fixation in Small Animal Practice","author":"Kraus K. H.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B8.0841093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Brinker, Piermattei and Flo's Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair","author":"Piermattei D. L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"A Comparison of the Effect of Open Intramedullary Nailing and Compression\u2010Plate Fixation on Fracture\u2010Site Blood Flow and Fracture Union","volume":"63","author":"Rand J. A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132\u2010017\u20103449\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosa N. M.Marta M.Vaz. et\u00a0al.2019. \u201cIntramedullary Nailing Biomechanics: Evolution and Challenges.\u201dIn Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine295\u2013308.Sage.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0954411919827044.","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411919827044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u2010950X.1974.tb01530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2009.91.5.448b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u2010950X.2014.12301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749\u20100720(15)30435\u20107"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71150","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:23:16Z","timestamp":1791202996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71150","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71150"}}