{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:55:27Z","timestamp":1791204927889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly explored in veterinary neurology for pattern recognition, prediction and clinical decision support, with relevance to comparative and translational neuroscience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review examines AI applications in veterinary neurology, compares them with human neurology and evaluates cross\u2010species technology transfer within a One Health framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review synthesized evidence across AI domains in veterinary neurology, including neuroimaging and radiomics, electrophysiology and seizure detection or forecasting, gait and pain assessment, morphometric biomarker discovery, prognostic modelling and laboratory diagnostic tools. Human studies were considered to identify translational opportunities, methodological challenges and the value of transfer learning and domain adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence suggests that AI holds promise for pattern recognition, prediction and decision support in veterinary neurology. Reported applications include canine brain tumour classification, spinal lesion grading, seizure monitoring and quantitative gait analysis, with encouraging performance. However, most applications remain proof\u2010of\u2010concept. The evidence base is dominated by retrospective single\u2010centre studies with small samples, heterogeneous protocols and limited prospective or external validation. Model calibration, uncertainty reporting and clinically relevant error trade\u2010offs are often insufficiently addressed. Transfer learning and domain adaptation may help overcome limited veterinary datasets, while naturally occurring neurological disease in dogs may also support refinement of human AI systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI in veterinary neurology is a promising but early field. Future progress will require multi\u2010centre collaboration, standardized data practices, explainable and ethically governed models and stronger One Health partnerships to support safe translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:54:01Z","timestamp":1786366441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Intelligence in Veterinary Neurology: Comparative Insights From Human Medicine and Cross\u2010Species Technology Transfer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kianoush","family":"Saberi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosull Saadoon","family":"Abbood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technology University of Al\u2010Maarif  Ramadi, Anbar Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Al\u2010Taie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Department of Biotechnology University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4600-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aseel","family":"Smerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1579-2701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullaev Makhmudjon","family":"Mukhamedovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Electronics and Automation Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov  Tashkent Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksudova Malika","family":"Khamdamjonovna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty and Hospital Therapy No. 2, Nephrology and Hemodialysis Tashkent State Medical University  Tashkent Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2931-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hedayatinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sho.C. 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