{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:55:55Z","timestamp":1791204955115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zoonotic diseases are a health challenge at the human\u2013wildlife interface with increasing threat to public health. This study aimed at generating baseline data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in tortoises and birds at the Uganda Wildlife Conservation Education Centre (UWEC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of the study were determining the common antimicrobial\u2010resistant bacteria among birds and tortoises, to establish the antibiograms of isolated bacteria and lastly to genotypically screen the selected genes that code for resistance using a conventional polymerization chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standard bacteriological methods of culturing and isolation of bacteria, Kirby\u2013Bauer sensitivity method and molecular techniques were used at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity at Makerere University.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was isolated from all the 23 bird samples, 23\/23 (100%). In the tortoises, 2\/15 (13%) and 13\/15 (86%) isolates were\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed equally higher resistance to ampicillin and SXT (68%), whereas\n                      <jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited resistance to only ciprofloxacin (30.8%). Sul\u20102 resistance genes were detected in 52% of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 15.4% of\n                      <jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The UWEC management and workers are encouraged to take care and use personal protection equipment when handling the birds and tortoises to minimize the possibility of transfer of MDR isolates from animals to humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:50:59Z","timestamp":1786366259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Among Selected Zoonotic Bacteria: A Case Study of Tortoises and Birds at the Uganda Wildlife Conservation Education Centre"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7190-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delilah Diana","family":"Namara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ssajjakambwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agricultural Research Organisation  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Robinah","family":"Nakabuye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bukalasa Agricultural College  Wobulenzi Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2723-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Alyj","family":"Katabazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Allies Africa  Masaka Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celsus","family":"Sente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v5i1.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2009.404.408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-21-00048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance: Causes and Remedies\u2014A Short Review","volume":"96","author":"Barbhuiya N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by the Kirby\u2013Bauer Disc Diffusion Method","volume":"3","author":"Biemer J. 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