{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:55:36Z","timestamp":1791204936995,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common anticancer drug used to treat various types of neoplasms. However, its use is associated with neurotoxic effects, including neuronal degeneration and damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The principal objective of the current experiment was to examine the mechanisms underlying biochemical and histological brain alterations induced by DOX under acute experimental conditions. Moreover, the ameliorative effects of allicin (AC) and\/or L\u2010carnitine (LC) against DOX\u2010induced biochemical and histological brain alterations were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of seven groups of Wistar rats (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a049; male, 150\u00a0\u00b1\u00a050\u00a0g; 30 weeks old) were established, including the control, AC, LC, DOX, AC+DOX, LC+DOX and AC+LC+DOX groups. Biochemical analyses, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines were assessed spectrophotometrically using ELISA, and the histomorphology of brain sections (cerebrum, cerebellum and hypothalamus) was evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results revealed that treatment with DOX increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) with increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. Meanwhile, non\u2010enzymatic (glutathione, GSH) levels and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) antioxidant activities were decreased. In addition, acute experimental DOX conditions increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and interleukins (ILs): IL\u20106 and IL\u20101\u03b2. Histopathologically, the brain sections showed neuronal degeneration and vacuolization. However, biochemical, oxidative, inflammatory and histological brain alterations caused by acute experimental DOX conditions were improved by AC and\/or LC supplementation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, our research showed that AC and\/or LC attenuated acute DOX\u2010associated biochemical, oxidative, inflammatory and histological brain alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:16:55Z","timestamp":1787152615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attenuation of DOX\u2010Associated Biochemical and Histological Brain Alterations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2276-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Y. Abdelhiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Matrouh University Marsa Matruh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5541-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabreen","family":"E. Fadl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Matrouh University  Matrouh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faten","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Benha University Moshtohor Toukh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8011-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1719-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Aboubakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Benha University Moshtohor Toukh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0848-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawan","family":"Altalhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences College of Science University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1591-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuha","family":"Anajirih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Services Faculty of Health Sciences Al Qunfudhah, Umm Al\u2010Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5752-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ali A. Majrashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4617-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Algahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory &amp; Blood Bank Security Forces Hospital\u2010Makkah  Mecca Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine Al\u2010Faisal University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"M. Abdel\u2010Daim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmceutical Sciences Pharmacy Program Batterjee Medical College  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghadeer","family":"M. Albadrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3261-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Rabea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Benha University Moshtohor Toukh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010010\u20102076\u20104"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"Allicin and Lycopene Possesses a Protective Effect Against Methotrexateinduced Testicular Toxicity in Rats","volume":"43","author":"Aboubakr M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010020\u201008919\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9090453"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2229\u20104473.1000397"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081620"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2025.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317939"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060971"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104419\u20106306\u20102_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0955\u20102863(03)00058\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011\u2010010\u20109217\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172722"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/12820073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500557"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223\u2010020\u201000786\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.673340"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010017\u20100797\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.574441"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20102952(61)90145\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.01.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064\u2010017\u20102288\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031\u2010017\u20100902\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064\u2010021\u201003428\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22962"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640\u2010023\u201000652\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775\u2010021\u201001866\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxq030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22355"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253\u20107613.161274"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9125601"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52134"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.286518"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecule26165068"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481\u2010023\u201010062\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2017.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010087"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20102952(95)00082\u2010b"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121305"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10110699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026621666211105094939"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.116.237503"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2020.082"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Pharmacological Modulation of Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Increases Permeability of Doxorubicin Into the Rat Brain","volume":"3","author":"Sardi I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052698"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010biochem\u2010061516\u2010045037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/ijmtfm.v14i03.45510"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872\u2010023\u201003442\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"672","volume-title":"Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Suvarna K.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042\u20107158.2012.01567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011\u2010022\u201000923\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3fo60057b"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:27:59Z","timestamp":1791203279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71161","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71161"}}