{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:28Z","timestamp":1791204868142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Red foxes play an important role in the circulation of ticks and tick\u2010borne pathogens, including\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. While for\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia vulpes<\/jats:italic>\n                      many studies are available on its epidemiology in fox populations as well as pathogenicity in dogs, no data are reported for the recently described\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia banethi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infecting red foxes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here we describe the clinical and parasitological follow\u2010up of a naturally occurring\n                      <jats:italic>B. banethi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in a red fox from southern Italy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An adult male fox presented with severe debilitation, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, brown discolouration of urine and sarcoptic mange. Haematological examination revealed regenerative anaemia associated with left\u2010shift neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. Blood smear examination showed intraerythrocytic inclusions morphologically consistent with small piroplasmids, and PCR amplification and sequencing of the\n                      <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>\n                      rDNA gene confirmed infection with\n                      <jats:italic>B. banethi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Screening for other vector\u2010borne pathogens scored negative. Treatment with imidocarb dipropionate resulted in temporary clinical and haematological improvement but persistence of PCR positivity and later relapse of parasitaemia and clinical signs. Subsequently, treatment with atovaquone\/proguanil combined with azithromycin led to marked clinical recovery and disappearance of parasites at blood smear examination, although PCR positivity persisted for several months. A second therapeutic course resulted in both cytological and molecular negativity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This longitudinal case report provides the first detailed account of the clinical course, therapeutic response and long\u2010term parasitological follow\u2010up of\n                      <jats:italic>B. banethi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in a red fox, suggesting that this piroplasm might cause clinically relevant and persistent infection, yet further validation of this hypothesis on a larger number of clinical cases is advocated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical study registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:00:37Z","timestamp":1787817637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Case and Follow\u2010Up of\n                    <i>Babesia banethi<\/i>\n                    Infection in a Red Fox"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mariaelisa","family":"Carbonara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Valenzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Prioletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Valenzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Camarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Valenzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Castellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Menga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory ACV Triggiano  Triggiano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory ACV Triggiano  Triggiano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gad","family":"Baneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari  Valenzano Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong Hong Kong"},{"name":"Chulalongkorn\u00a0University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1498721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3385-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2026.101193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2022-0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2024.100195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2715-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0825-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07179-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1596-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/parasitologia3010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12935\/jvma.71.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gubbels 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M. A. P. de Vos M. van der Weide J. Viseras L. M. Schouls E. de Vries and F. Jongejan. 1999. \u201cSimultaneous Detection of Bovine Theileria and Babesia Species by Reverse Line Blot Hybridization.\u201d Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37: 1782\u20131789.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1782-1789.1999"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:26:27Z","timestamp":1791203187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71184"}}