{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:05:51Z","timestamp":1790690751287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soybean meal (SBM) is a major protein source in broiler diets, but its cost and dependence on a limited number of protein sources have increased interest in alternative feed ingredients. Rapeseed meal has considerable potential as an alternative protein source; however, its utilisation is constrained by antinutritional factors that can limit nutrient availability and broiler performance. Extrusion processing and exogenous enzyme supplementation may improve the nutritional value of rapeseed meal. We hypothesised that replacing part of dietary SBM with extruded rapeseed meal (ERSM), in combination with protease and non\u2010starch polysaccharide (NSP)\u2010degrading enzymes, would improve or maintain broiler performance and nutrient utilisation while supporting intestinal health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 320 day\u2010old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. During the finisher period (22\u201335 days), birds received a corn\u2013SBM control diet or diets in which 5%, 7.5%, or 10% of SBM protein was replaced with ERSM. All diets contained identical levels of protease and NSP\u2010degrading enzymes. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and caecal microbial populations were evaluated to determine the effects of increasing ERSM inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dietary ERSM affected feed intake (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029), final body weight (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017), feed conversion ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009) and mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041), with the 5% and 7.5% ERSM treatments generally producing the most favourable performance. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, fat and ash was improved in ERSM\u2010fed birds (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Carcass yield, breast weight and thigh weight increased with ERSM inclusion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.025), whereas liver weight decreased at the highest inclusion level (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034). ERSM also improved intestinal morphology by increasing villus height and the villus height\u2010to\u2010crypt depth ratio and reducing crypt depth (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.016). In addition, ERSM increased beneficial caecal bacterial populations and reduced\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      counts (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.050).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Replacing SBM protein with 5%\u20137.5% ERSM in diets supplemented with protease and NSP\u2010degrading enzymes improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and caecal microbial balance in broilers. The findings indicate that appropriately processed rapeseed meal can partially substitute for SBM while maintaining or improving important productive and intestinal health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:21:33Z","timestamp":1790688093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Growth, Carcass Quality and Gut Microbiota Responses to Extruded Rapeseed Meal With Protease in Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rohban","family":"Hameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rifat Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Lab, College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Erciyes University  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6845-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering The University of Agriculture  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS) University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4958-7527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha K.","family":"Al\u2010Akeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010025\u201004481\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2024.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2025.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105616","article-title":"Replacement of Soybean Meal With Fermented Rapeseed Meal in Broiler Diets: Impacts on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Nutrient Digestibility","volume":"104","author":"Dastar B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.05.007","article-title":"Processing Techniques of Selected Oilseed by\u2010Products of Potential Use in Animal Feed: Effects on Proximate Nutrient Composition, Amino Acid Profile and Antinutrients","volume":"4","author":"Duodu C. 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