{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:57:43Z","timestamp":1790668663150,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mammary tumours are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are appropriate models for human studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to diagnose CMTs pathologically and compare different tumour types by immunohistochemistry (IHC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histological features of various tumours were recorded. Moreover, haematological, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes were evaluated in affected animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 130 mastectomized dogs in veterinary hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 74 dogs were affected by various types of mammary tumours. The highest frequency of malignant tumours was related to carcinoma types (38\/74; 51.4%) and the highest frequency of benign tumours was related to fibroadenoma (6\/74; 8.1%). In malignant tumours, anaemia and monocytosis were observed compared to benign tumours. Serum ALT and ALP levels were also significantly increased in malignant tumours (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) compared to benign tumours. The IHC showed the profile of adenoma (ductal and intraductal papillary) ER\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/PR\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/HER2\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , benign mixed tumour ER\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/PR\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/HER2\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , carcinoma (mucinous, anaplastic) ER\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/PR\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/HER2\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and metastatic mast cell tumour ER\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/PR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/HER2\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      . The highest expression of \u03b1SMA was recorded in benign tumours and the highest expression of Ki67 was recorded in metastatic mast cell tumour, benign mixed tumour and adenoma (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, although the dog is a good model for studying mammary tumours, the variability of results in CMTs requires further studies in this field. An interesting finding of this study was the triple\u2010negative profile in the benign mixed tumour, which had previously been reported only for malignant mammary tumours. In addition, the significant positivity of Ki67 expression (34%\u201366%) in benign CMTs is noted for the first time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:34:31Z","timestamp":1790667271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Canine Mammary Tumours: Introducing of Triple\u2010Negative Profile (ER\n                    <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                    \/PR\n                    <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                    \/HER2\n                    <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                    ) in Benign Mammary Tumours of Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Lak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ur.C. Islamic Azad University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0420-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Amniattalab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ur.C. Islamic Azad University  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2018.8411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/VETGL210611013A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/macvetrev\u20102025\u20100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816646429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746\u20106148\u20109\u2010248"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Surgical and Pathologic Retrospective Studies of Mammary Gland Tumor in Dog During Years 2003\u20132008","volume":"1","author":"Fattahian H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810393258"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"735","volume-title":"Tumors in Domestic Animals","author":"Goldschmidt M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10100607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911\u2010026\u201009608\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0314292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010018\u20100417\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1999","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Detection of Prognostic Biomarkers in Canine Mammary Tumors and Relation With Malignancy and Prognosis","volume":"8","author":"Kavisha G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinics in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201004\u20100239"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Histopathological Evaluation and Immunohistochemical Study of Estrogen Receptor \u03b1, HER\u20102 and Ki\u201067 in Canine Neoplastic Mammary Lesions","volume":"81","author":"Kurilj A. G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinarski Arhiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052891"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20104162\u201012273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813509388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razavirad A. S.Rismanchi P.Mortazavi andA.Muhammadnejad.2024. \u201cCanine Mammary Tumors as a Potential Model for Human Breast Cancer in Comparative Oncology.\u201dVeterinary Medicine International2024:1\u201311.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/9319651.","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9319651"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Study of Sex Hormonal Receptors in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors","volume":"58","author":"Sasani F.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131599"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Classification and Grading of Canine Malignant Mammary Tumors","volume":"4","author":"Tavasoly A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum\u00a0: An International Quarterly Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2019.11052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13193147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70280"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71248","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71248","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:34:34Z","timestamp":1790667274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71248","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71248"}}