{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:07:29Z","timestamp":1790690849898,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mastomys natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a widespread rodent species in sub\u2010Saharan Africa and is increasingly recognised as an important component of food systems in some communities. However, rodents may harbour gastrointestinal helminths with potential implications for animal health, food safety, and zoonotic disease transmission. Information on gastrointestinal helminth infections in\n                    <jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the response of these parasites to anthelmintic treatment is limited. This study investigated the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths in\n                    <jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and evaluated changes in helminth egg burden following treatment with Ivermectin.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A total of 90 adult\n                    <jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , comprising 43 males and 47 females, were captured, and their faecal samples were examined for gastrointestinal helminth eggs. Identified helminths were characterised and their prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence intervals. Following baseline assessment, the rodents were allocated to \u2010treated and untreated control groups. Faecal egg counts, expressed as eggs per gram of faecal sample (EPG), were monitored every 14 days over an eight\u2010week period. The change in egg burden was assessed using faecal egg count reduction (FECR).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Five gastrointestinal helminth taxa were identified, of which\n                    <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent (39%; 95% CI: 29.6\u201349.3%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Physaloptera<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (29%; 95% CI: 20.6\u201339.1%),\n                    <jats:italic>Rodentolepis nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12%; 95% CI: 6.8\u201320.3%),\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (11%; 95% CI: 6.1\u201319.1%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (9%; 95% CI: 4.6\u201316.7%). In the Ivermectin\u2010treated rodents, mean EPG declined substantially across all five helminth taxa between baseline and weeks post\u2010treatment. The highest egg reductions were observed for\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    (96.4%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (96.2%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (90.9%),\n                    <jats:italic>Physaloptera<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (85.5%), and\n                    <jats:italic>R. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (80.0%). The untreated control group showed comparatively little change in overall helminth egg burden. Sex\u2010specific analyses showed substantial reductions in both males and females over the same period, except for,\n                    <jats:italic>R. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    females, where egg counts showed an increase. These findings indicate the potential value of Ivermectin in reducing gastrointestinal helminth egg shedding by\n                    <jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Further studies with larger sample sizes, over a longer period, and appropriate experimental replication are warranted to validate treatment with the anthelminth and its implications for animal health, food safety, and potential zoonotic transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:28:58Z","timestamp":1790688538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Effect of Ivermectin on Intestinal Helminths in Multimmate Mouse (\n                    <i>Mastomys natalensis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4010-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venance","family":"Msoffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mkwawa University College of Education University of Dar Es Salaam  Iringa Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4610-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert","family":"Mwamengele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7564-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Kessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Bio Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology  Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Hape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department Ifakara Health Institute  Ifakara Tanzania"},{"name":"Wits Research Institute for Malaria Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godfrey","family":"Katusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sabuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Makundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Parasitology and Biotechnology Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herwig","family":"Leirs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture  Morogoro Tanzania"},{"name":"Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0127-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Machang'u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Ifakara Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1098-8","article-title":"Rat\u2010Atouille: A Mixed Method Study to Characterize Rodent Hunting and Consumption in the Context of Lassa Fever","volume":"13","author":"Bonwitt J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010020\u201004329\u20102"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X16000869","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Helminth Fauna of Rodents From Cambodia: Emphasizing the Community Ecology of Host\u2013parasite Associations","volume":"91","author":"Chaisiri K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Comparison of Traditional and PCR Methods During Screening for and Confirmation of Aspiculuris tetraptera in a Mouse Facility","volume":"50","author":"Dole V. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00552.x","article-title":"The Role of Host Sex in Parasite Dynamics: Field Experiments on the Yellow\u2010Necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis","volume":"7","author":"Ferrari N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677214562850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2022.109698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02541858.1982.11447794"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v2i0.18637","article-title":"Rodent\u2010Borne Diseases in Thailand: Targeting Rodent Carriers and Risky Habitats","volume":"2","author":"Herbreteau V.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infection Ecology & Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Neuropharmacological Effects of Ivermectin in Mice","volume":"39","author":"Kanwar R. S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109936"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-011-0051-6","article-title":"Reinvasion by Ship Rats (Rattus rattus) of Forest Fragments After Eradication","volume":"13","author":"King C. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Invasions"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/MAMM.2006.052"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.2006.00667.x","article-title":"Breeding Seasonality and Population Dynamics of Three Rodent Species in the Magamba Forest Reserve, Western Usambara Mountains, North\u2010East Tanzania","volume":"45","author":"Makundi R. H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"African Journal of Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-009-0004-5","article-title":"Helminth Parasite Spectrum in Rodent Hosts From Bamboo Growing Areas of Mizoram, North\u2010East India","volume":"33","author":"Malsawmtluangi C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.828522"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab094","article-title":"Prospective SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Cohort Study Among Primary Health Care Providers During the Second COVID\u201019 Wave in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"39","author":"Mari\u00ebn J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410902989837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687\u2010010\u20100037\u20104"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1515\/mammalia-2019-0048","article-title":"Home Ranges, Sex Ratio and Recruitment of the Multimammate Rat (Mastomys natalensis) in Semi\u2010Arid Areas in Tanzania","volume":"84","author":"Mlyashimbi E. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mammalia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohtasebi S.2020.Intestinal Helminthic Parasites of Rodents in the Central Region of Iran: First Report of a Capillariid Nematode FromDryomys nitedula7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05304-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031\u20109384(86)90314\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2025.101040"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1071\/WR11028","article-title":"Dietary Differences of the Multimammate Mouse, Mastomys Natalensis (Smith, 1834), Across Different Habitats and Seasons in Tanzania and Swaziland","volume":"38","author":"Mulungu L. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wildlife Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul B. T. F.Kyari M. A.Gadzama et\u00a0al.2016.Gastrointestinal Helminths and External Parasites of Domestic Rats Trapped From Residential Areas Within Maiduguri Municipality Nigeria.","DOI":"10.4314\/sokjvs.v14i1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102128"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Anthelmintics Resistance; How to Overcome It?","volume":"8","author":"Shalaby H. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/5679\u2010VETMED"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/parasitologia3030030","article-title":"Prevalence and Seasonal Variation of Trichuris Worms Infection in Mastomys Natalensis in Morogoro and Iringa Regions","volume":"3","author":"Thomas C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tanzania Parasitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.669058"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008218","article-title":"Glutamate\u2010Gated Chloride Channels and the Mode of Action of the Avermectin\/Milbemycin Anthelmintics","volume":"131","author":"Wolstenholme A. J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"Integrating Neglected Tropical Diseases Into Global Health and Development: Fourth WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases: Executive Summary (No. WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/2017.02)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.3.351"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71249","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:29:02Z","timestamp":1790688542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71249"}}