{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:54:18Z","timestamp":1791204858736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The current study evaluated the effects of dietary\n Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic>\n powder (TC) supplementation on the performance, immune response, some lipid profile and histological changes in broilers challenged with\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n spp.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 160 Rose 308 newly hatched broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments in a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial arrangement, with TC supplementation (0 or 750\u00a0mg\/kg\/diet) and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n challenge (challenged or unchallenged) as the main factors. The four treatments were as follows: G1, basal diet with no TC and no challenge; G2, basal diet supplemented with 750\u00a0mg\/kg diet TC and no challenge; G3, basal diet with no TC and with challenge (1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n 8<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0CFU\/mL administered orally at Day 10); and G4, basal diet supplemented with 750\u00a0mg\/kg diet TC and challenged. The study estimated body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), serum total cholesterol and triglyceride, infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine antibody titres and histological changes in the liver, spleen and duodenum.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The challenge with\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n significantly reduced BW, FI and IBD antibody titres (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) throughout the study; however, serum cholesterol increased and triglyceride levels decreased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Birds in the G3 group (challenged, no TC) showed the most severe reductions in performance and histological damage, including liver degeneration, splenic atrophy and villous atrophy with necrosis in the intestine. On the contrary, supplementation with 750\u00a0mg\/kg TC (G2 and G4) significantly improved BW, FI and lipid profiles (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001), and mitigated the negative effects of the\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n challenge, mainly in the intestine and liver. Birds in the G4 group (challenged and supplemented with TC) exhibited moderate improvements in liver integrity, spleen congestion and intestinal villous length compared to the non\u2010supplemented, challenged group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n These results suggested that supplementation with TC powder at 750\u00a0mg\/kg with and without challenge significantly enhance growth performance, immune response and serum lipid profile. Adding TC appears to offer protective effects by alleviated the detrimental impact of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n spp., making it a valuable dietary additive for improving broiler health under pathogenic stress.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:00:21Z","timestamp":1790204421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Adding\n Terminalia chebula<\/i>\n Powder to Broilers Subjected to\n Salmonella<\/i>\n spp. on Performance, Immunity, Lipid Profile and Histology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohanad Falhi","family":"Hamood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6080-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghad Ali","family":"Abdaljaleel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7377-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhil Mosleem","family":"Alsadwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2043133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.10.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14050746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102087"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b05691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00015\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2020.1818569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24996\/ijs.2019.60.12.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.19.20804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291\u2010017\u20100732\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182397"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07643\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.99030"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Nutritional Metabolic Diseases of Poultry and Disorders of the Biological Antioxidant Defence System","volume":"45","author":"Mezes M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","author":"National Research Council","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-85591-4.00015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2108362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2025.2468696"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56557\/upjoz\/2023\/v44i243829"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2023.2166951"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E\u2010Book","author":"Suvarna K. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010021\u201003044\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1060140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1058844"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.71251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.71251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:24:16Z","timestamp":1791203056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.71251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.71251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.71251","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71251"}}