{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:55:10Z","timestamp":1792173310758,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine & Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Aflatoxin M\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (AFM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ), the carcinogenic metabolite of aflatoxin B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (AFB\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ), passes into the milk of animals fed mould\u2010contaminated feed. Bangladeshi feed and milk surveillance have developed separately, and integrated dietary\u2010risk estimates are scarce.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective and design<\/jats:title>\n \n To pool AFM\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n occurrence in Bangladeshi milk, summarise feed AFB\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and characterise age\u2010stratified dietary risk. The assessment is literature\u2010based and modular: no Bangladeshi study reports paired feed and milk data, so compartments are joined by parameter transfer.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Prevalences were pooled by DerSimonian\u2013Laird random\u2010effects models with prediction intervals, subgroup, meta\u2010regression, leave\u2010one\u2010out and small\u2010study analyses. Exposure was modelled deterministically and probabilistically (100,000 iterations), with uncertainty tabulated following EFSA guidance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Across 20 datasets (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0605), pooled prevalence was 58.7% (95% CI 51.6%\u201365.5%;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u00a0=\u00a061.9%; 95% prediction interval 32.1%\u201381.1%). Heterogeneity was structured by region (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.001), not milk type (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.980). The sample\u2010weighted mean was 143\u00a0ng L\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n (geometric mean 92); 83% of milk exceeded the EU maximum level. Reconstruction from feed AFB\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n predicted 24\u2013282\u00a0ng L\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , containing 18 of 20 dataset means. Margins of exposure were 95 (infants) and 175 (toddlers), with probabilistic medians 157 and 286; the deterministic hazard index exceeded unity in every age group, the probabilistic median in every group except adults.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Infant and child margins of exposure remain far below the 10,000 benchmark under every scenario and robustness check. The estimate is screening\u2010level, resting on transferred parameters and ELISA\u2010based measurement. Monsoon\u2010aware feed management, enforcement of the national milk standard and paired feed\u2013milk surveillance are indicated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:35:01Z","timestamp":1792172101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aflatoxin M\n 1<\/sub>\n in Milk and Aflatoxin B\n 1<\/sub>\n in Animal Feed in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review, Meta\u2010Analysis and Literature\u2010Based Dietary Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9249-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MD. Al","family":"Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Ahsan","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"5794","article-title":"Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Cow Milk Produced in Chattogram, Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Ali M. 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