{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1792684008490,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several antioxidant combinations are commercially available; however, it remains unclear whether these combinations can enhance the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of systemic corticosteroids in acute uveitis models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant effects of an orally administered antioxidant formulation in a lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced uveitis rat model and explore its potential as an adjunctive therapy to corticosteroid treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010five male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly and evenly assigned to five groups and orally treated for 10 days with antioxidant formulations, either alone or in combination with intravenous dexamethasone. Uveitis was induced via subcutaneous lipopolysaccharide injection. Clinical severity was assessed using a slit\u2010lamp biomicroscope. Subsequently, a subset of five randomly selected rats per group underwent biochemical analyses of the aqueous humour and histopathological evaluation of the ocular tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lipopolysaccharide\u2010treated group exhibited the highest clinical score, which was significantly reduced by dexamethasone monotherapy and combination treatment. Moreover, the antioxidant formulation significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the aqueous humour, which was further diminished by the combination treatment. TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 levels decreased upon combination therapy, yielding significantly lower TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels than those with dexamethasone monotherapy. Combination treatment significantly increased IL\u201010 levels. Moreover, total superoxide dismutase activity was highest in the combination group. No significant differences were observed in the histopathological scores or total protein concentrations between the dexamethasone and combination groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co\u2010administration of dexamethasone and an antioxidant is a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy for mitigating oxidative tissue damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:25:34Z","timestamp":1792682734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Antioxidant Provides Adjunctive Therapeutic Benefits Alongside Dexamethasone in a Rat Model of Endotoxin\u2010Induced Uveitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9713-536X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su\u2010Jung","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Ophthalmology College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Ophthalmology College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-10255-2","article-title":"The Synergistic Effects of Citicoline and Silymarin on Liver Injury and Thyroid Hormone Disturbances in \u03b3\u2010irradiated Rats","volume":"52","author":"Abdel\u2010Aziz N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116387","article-title":"Pentoxifylline and Thiamine Ameliorate Rhabdomyolysis\u2010Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats via Suppressing TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB and NLRP\u20103\/caspase\u20101\/gasdermin Mediated\u2010Pyroptosis","volume":"461","author":"Al\u2010Kharashi L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110456","article-title":"Breaking Barriers in Ocular Drug Delivery for Uveitis: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Challenges and Future Prospects","volume":"257","author":"Ambekar A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310324","article-title":"Management of Postoperative Inflammation After Cataract and Complex Ocular Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Delphi Survey","volume":"101","author":"Aptel F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01477-3","article-title":"Advances in Polysaccharide\u2010Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Bao Q.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano\u2010Micro Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02285162","article-title":"Additive Effect of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin\u2010E2 Synthesis Inhibitors in Endotoxin\u2010Induced Uveitis in the Rabbit","volume":"45","author":"Bellot J. 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