{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:55:38Z","timestamp":1792173338078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in livestock and poses a potential public health threat.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and MRSA isolated from buffalo nasal swabs in the Sylhet and Noakhali districts of Bangladesh.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 400 nasal swabs were collected and screened using selective culture and biochemical tests, followed by PCR targeting the\n                      <jats:italic>nuc<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene for\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the\n                      <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene for MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using disk diffusion as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020 standard.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 78 isolates (19.5%; 95% CI: 15.7\u201323.7) were confirmed as\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , of which 43 (10.5%; 95% CI: 7.7\u201313.9) were identified as MRSA. Higher MRSA prevalence was observed in buffaloes aged 1\u20133 years (14.1%), males (14.8%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01) and animals with respiratory symptoms (25.2%) compared to healthy buffaloes (4.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). AST of MRSA isolates showed high resistance to cefoxitin (97.7%), ceftriaxone (86.0%) and tetracycline (65.1%), whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin (4.7%) and levofloxacin (9.3%) was low. Multidrug resistance was detected in 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9\u201396.1) of MRSA isolates, with multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) values ranging from 0.23 to 0.54. Virulence genes (\n                      <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>hla<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>icaA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and resistance genes (\n                      <jats:italic>aac(3)\u2010IV<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>tetA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>strA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate a substantial MRSA burden in buffaloes, emphasizing the need for prudent antibiotic use and ongoing surveillance to reduce zoonotic transmission risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.71295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:39:04Z","timestamp":1792172344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Methicillin\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    in Buffaloes from Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2934-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piash Kumer","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-2549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemayet","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Teesta University  Rangpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Monjur\u2010e\u2010Alahi","family":"Tuha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tufayel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4605-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asikur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. 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