{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:01:34Z","timestamp":1774580494164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010agonists are commonly used for sedation and analgesia in ruminants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aims to compare the sedative and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) administration of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in goats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten healthy goats aged 6 \u00b1 1 months and weighing 15 \u00b1 2\u00a0kg were used in experimental, crossover Latin square, randomised and blinded study. Animals were assigned to five IV treatments: control (normal saline); xylazine (100 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>); detomidine (50 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>); medetomidine (20 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and dexmedetomidine (5 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). The degree of sedation was investigated using a numerical ranking scale of 0\u201310. Sedation scores were compared at each time using nonparametric (Kruskal\u2013Wallis and Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>) tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), ruminal motility and capillary refill time (CRT) were performed before (baseline) and after drug administration. Animals in \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic agonist treatments were sedated at 5\u201360 min. There were no significant differences among \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic agonist treatments at 5\u201360 min in sedation scores. HR significantly decreased from baseline 5\u201390 min after \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic agonists\u2019 administration. Ruminal motility was decreased in \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic agonist treatments at 5, 90 and 120 min and absent at 10\u201360 min. A significant decrease from baseline in RR was detected between 30 and 90 min after \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic agonists\u2019 administration. RT was unchanged in any treatment for 120 min. CRT was less than 2 s at all time points following each treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The duration of sedation was up to 60 min after IV administration of xylazine (100 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), detomidine (50 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), medetomidine (20 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and dexmedetomidine (5 \u03bcg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in goats in this study. No significant differences were detected between xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in goats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T08:32:03Z","timestamp":1641889923000},"page":"1205-1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the sedative and physiological effects of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in goats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Atefeh","family":"Nahvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Molaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4568-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Saeed","family":"Samimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Azari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mashayekhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ebrahimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258589"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12339"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034\u20105288(98)90167\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20102995.2005.00187.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102885.1997.00097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Veterinary medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats","author":"Constable P. 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