{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:30:25Z","timestamp":1789475425037,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A majority (&gt;70%) of Q fever patients in South Korea do not have a history of animal contact. Therefore, unconscious environmental exposure is suspected. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure of Q fever patients to environmental contamination and animal shedding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two goat farmers were enrolled. One was diagnosed with Q fever 3 years ago (Farm 1). Among 20 goats on Farm 1, five were tested randomly and found to be Q fever PCR\u2010positive. Three of the five were Q fever ELISA\u2010positive. Two of five environmental samples taken in 2015 were PCR\u2010positive. In 2018, 17 of 18 environmental samples were PCR\u2010positive. On Farm 2, 54 of the 77 goats were PCR\u2010positive, and 63 were ELISA\u2010positive. Twelve of 14 environmental samples were PCR\u2010positive. Repeat administration of oxytetracycline to goats led to a gradual reduction in PCR\u2010positive tests over a 5\u2010month period. However, PCR\u2010positivity of the farm environment persisted for 5 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The environment on farms owned by Q fever patients was contaminated extensively and persistently, even after antibiotic treatment of goats and environmental decontamination. Undetected environmental contamination can be a major source of sporadic Q fever infection in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T12:49:58Z","timestamp":1647694198000},"page":"1264-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Shedding and extensive and prolonged environmental contamination of goat farms of Q fever patients by\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hyeon Seop","family":"Byeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Institute of Veterinary Service and Research  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stalin","family":"Nattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk Natonal University College of Medicine  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Hyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University Hospital  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Tae","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Institute of Veterinary Service and Research  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun Hui","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Institute of Veterinary Service and Research  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Na","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Institute of Veterinary Service and Research  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeongwoo","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chungbuk National University  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Dae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Chungbuk National University College of Medicine  Cheongju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chungbuk Regional Cancer Center Chungbuk National University Hospital  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee\u2010Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk Natonal University College of Medicine  Cheongju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University Hospital  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1063-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Won","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk Natonal University College of Medicine  Cheongju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University Hospital  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01650-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.01.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis\u2014United States: A practical guide for health care and public health professionals","volume":"65","author":"Biggs H. 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