{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:57:06Z","timestamp":1787068626843,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to determine the diversity and prevalence of the intestinal parasites in pigeons found in Ratnanagar Municipality, Chitwan, in central Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The fresh faecal samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0155) were non\u2010invasively\u00a0collected from different households and temples pigeons The individual samples were immediately preserved in the 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and transported to the research laboratory. Following direct wet mount and concentration methods, the samples were observed under a compound microscope.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed 87.1% prevalence rate with 16 parasite species that included 8 protozoan and 8 helminth faunae. The faecal samples of temple pigeons contained a higher prevalence rate with higher parasitic richness (95.6%; 16 species) than household pigeons (75.4%; 12 species). Mixed infection up to four different species was recorded in both types of sampling populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pigeons harbour a greater prevalence and wider diversity of intestinal parasites and the parasitism varies based on the habitats. Proper management and effective deworming practices are recommended to control intestinal parasitic infection in these avian hosts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T05:00:32Z","timestamp":1648616432000},"page":"1528-1538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in household and temple pigeons (\n                    <i>Columba livia<\/i>\n                    ) in central Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshan Babu","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Pole Conservancy Bhaktapur Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6572-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Purna Bahadur","family":"Ale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Pole Conservancy Bhaktapur Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5641-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhuri Adhikari","family":"Dhakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorevitch Pathology Albury New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9952-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tirth Raj","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Tri\u2010Chandra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Ultrastructure, morphological differentiation and pathological changes of Ascaridia species in pigeons","volume":"7","author":"Abdel Rahman M.M.I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32474\/ciacr.2019.06.000235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686\u2010009\u20100008\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d220326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18805\/ag.D\u20105172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8880033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17420\/ap6703.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v8i4.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.697"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prevalence of Capillaria nematodes of pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in district Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"72","author":"Malik S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.wasj.2013.21.9.71210"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Occurrence of coccidia infection in pigeons in amateur husbandry. 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