{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:16:46Z","timestamp":1772119006618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) changes the anatomical tibial conformation and might alter the positional relationship of the ligaments comprising the stifle joint. As a result, it is expected to affect the tensile force of the ligaments. However, studies analyzing the details of the effect of osteotomy are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the influence of TPLO on the tensile force on the stifle ligaments in the intact canine stifle using a six\u2010degree\u2010of\u2010freedom (6\u2010DOF) robotic testing system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight stifles were categorised into the reference group and nine stifles into the TPLO group. The stifles were then analysed using a 6\u2010DOF robotic joint biomechanical testing system. The stifles were applied 30 N at cranial, caudal, and compression loads and 1 Nm at the internal and external torque loads (the load applied to the tibia relative to the femur) on extension, at 135\u00b0 and 120\u00b0, respectively. The tensile force placed on the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL), the caudal cruciate ligament, the medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and the total tensile force placed on the four ligaments was calculated under each load.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For the caudal load applied to the tibia relative to the femur, the CrCL tensile force in the TPLO group was lower than that in the reference group at 120\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). The CrCL tensile force in the TPLO group was lower than that in the reference group at 120\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) for the compression load. Regarding the cranial, internal, and external load, the CrCL tensile force remains unchanged between both groups at each angle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TPLO reduces CrCL tensile force during compression and caudal force application. TPLO may reduce tensile forces contributing to CrCL rupture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T14:14:10Z","timestamp":1660140850000},"page":"1904-1914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on the tensile forces sustained by ligaments in cranial cruciate ligament\u2010intact canine stifles: An ex vivo pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masakazu","family":"Shimada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory Faculty of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University  Hachioji\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory Faculty of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University  Hachioji\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Fujie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory Faculty of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University  Hachioji\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Division of Veterinary Surgery Department of Veterinary Science Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University  Musashino\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1807","article-title":"The cruciate ligaments of the canine stifle: An anatomical and functional analysis","volume":"38","author":"Arnoczky S. 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