{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:27Z","timestamp":1772118927507,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["119081\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["119081\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reemergent local outbreaks of classical swine fever (CSF) occurred simultaneously in multiple pig farms on CSF\u2010free Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2014 because of inadvertent injection of a commercial CSF (LOM) vaccine into pregnant sows. The LOM virus has since spread across the island and has become endemic in Jeju herds, raising concern about possible reversion to the virulence of the LOM vaccine. We previously isolated LOM\u2010derived field CSF virus (CSFV) strains with unique insertion\u2010deletion (INDEL) mutations in the 3\u2032\u2010untranslated region (UTR), designated LOM\u2010derived Jeju 3\u2032\u2010UTR INDEL variants, from CSF\u2010recurrent swine farms on Jeju Island in 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study conducted animal experiments to investigate whether a 2019 emergent LOM 3\u2032\u2010UTR INDEL variant, KNU\u20101905, has reverted to a pathogenic form in conventional pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental animal infection showed that pigs inoculated with the commercial LOM vaccine strain developed no adverse effects compared to the sham\u2010infected pigs. However, KNU\u20101905 displayed pathogenic characteristics in pigs, including clinical symptoms (e.g., lethargy, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and diarrhoea), weight loss, and gross lesions. Moreover, viremia, virus shedding in faeces and nasal fluids, and viral loads in various tissues of all the KNU\u20101905\u2010infected pigs were highly significant, in contrast to those of the LOM\u2010infected group in which CSFV RNA was detected only in the serum, nasal, and tonsil samples of one identical pig.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the LOM\u2010derived field isolate with molecular variations induced clinical adverse events in pigs, which commonly shed considerable amounts of CSFV. This study provides evidence that the genetic evolution of the LOM\u2010derived CSFV circulating on Jeju Island might have allowed the LOM vaccine to recover its primary prototype and that these variants might have induced chronic or persistent infection in pigs that can shed CSFV in field farms leading to a risk of transmission among pigs or farms in this former CSF\u2010free region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T15:19:46Z","timestamp":1660058386000},"page":"2434-2443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine\u2010derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-8087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guehwan","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo\u2010Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Affairs Division Jeju Special Self\u2010Governing Province  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changnam","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self\u2010Governing Province  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungok","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self\u2010Governing Province  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won\u2010Myoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self\u2010Governing Province  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungsu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm &amp; 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