{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:05:33Z","timestamp":1785600333324,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>: Postpartum endometritis can cause subfertility in cows and reduce the reproductive performance of dairy herds. Thus, there is a critical need to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of this disease, particularly in dairy cows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>: This study confirmed the effects of the combined use of two non\u2010laboratory methods: Metricheck device (MT) and ultrasonography (UT) to detect signs of endometritis and therefore predict the likelihood of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>: The reproductive tract of 67 lactating Holstein cows (25 primiparous and 42 multiparous) was observed at 4 and 6 weeks postpartum using the MT and UT. The cows with flecks and more purulent material in the vaginal discharge were defined as MT\u2010positive, and the cows with uterine echogenic contents were defined as UT\u2010positive. The combined definition was also used; both the UT and MT results or either the UT or MT result had to be positive for the final decision to be positive. The true\u2010negative cows were determined as both MT\u2010UT\u2010negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When comparing the diagnostic results obtained by MT and UT, 37.3% and 32.8% of the total cows showed conflicting results at 4 and 6 weeks postpartum. The proportion of non\u2010pregnant cows until 200 days postpartum was significantly greater in both MT\u2010UT\u2010positive cows than in the true negative cows. The hazard ratios of pregnancy rate were 0.37 for both MT\u2010UT\u2010positives relative to the true negatives at 4 weeks postpartum. Similar significant differences were not detected using the MT or UT alone. These results indicate that a more severe effect on the chance of pregnancy could be detected in cows that are both MT\u2010UT\u2010positive compared with those positive for MT or UT alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>: The combined use of MT and UT could support veterinary practitioners in diagnosing endometritis, potentially improving the accuracy of predicting subsequent reproductive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T01:05:46Z","timestamp":1661389546000},"page":"2585-2592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Combined use of non\u2010laboratory methods for the practical diagnosis of endometritis in postpartum dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6745-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Kusaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Theriogenology School of Veterinary Medicine Kitasato University  Towada Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taketoki","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Theriogenology School of Veterinary Medicine Kitasato University  Towada Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namiko","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Research Institute of the Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center  Noheji Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0099-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Theriogenology School of Veterinary Medicine Kitasato University  Towada Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010\u20103428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2003.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019\u201017064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(02)74302\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022\u20100302(83)81964\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100531.2002.00317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100531.2002.00351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011\u20104950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle 2006 ed","author":"National Agriculture and Food Research Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics","author":"Noakes D. E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100531.2011.01941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.142.21.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1230837"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.03.017"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.904","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T08:30:12Z","timestamp":1696062612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.904","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.904\/v4\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}