{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:06:24Z","timestamp":1791511584215,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004160","name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90\u2010149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90\u2010149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In recent years, cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) have been reported in some districts of Golestan Province, northeastern Iran, particularly in rural areas. Recent epidemiological evidence in\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      endemic regions of in Iran indicates approximately 50%\u201380% of seropositive dogs are asymptomatic for Leishmania infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The goal in this study was to determine\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      species infecting domestic dogs in Golestan Province, Iran.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 2015 and 2016, blood samples were obtained from 100 domestic dogs in rural regions of Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. All samples were tested for anti\u2010Leishmania antibodies using a direct agglutination test (DAT), and for\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) using PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven (7%) dogs were antibody positive and 25 dogs (25%) were\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. DNA positives by PCR positive for leishmaniasis. Four of the seven (71%) antibody\u2010positive dogs and 19 of the 25 (76%) PCR\u2010positive dogs were asymptomatic. The rate of infection detected by PCR was significantly higher in male dogs (21\/75, 28%) than that in female dogs (4\/25, 16%). The ITS1 PCR\u2010RFLP assay identified the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>Crithidia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in the 25 PCR\u2010positive samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high proportion of asymptomatic dogs in the study areas represent they act as potential reservoirs in the transmission cycle of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and also\n                      <jats:italic>Crithidia fasciculata<\/jats:italic>\n                      as an emerging agent for the first time. Moreover, our data showed that PCR is a more reliable assay than DAT for detecting\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection among asymptomatic dogs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T16:13:16Z","timestamp":1662394396000},"page":"2329-2336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Domestic dogs carriers of\n                    <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Leishmania tropica<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Crithidia fasciculata<\/i>\n                    as potential reservoirs for human visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Fakhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Derakhshani\u2010nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaban","family":"Gohardehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4516-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar Ziaei","family":"Hezarjaribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mohebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Akhoundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1896-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitra","family":"Sharbatkhori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Gorgan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Para\u2010Medicine Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Gorgan 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