{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:05:08Z","timestamp":1790445908550,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A combination of ketamine\u2010xylazine (K\u2010X) is frequently used for anaesthesia in rats. Sex and age affect this cocktail dosage. Ketamine causes a hypnotic effect by blocking NMDA receptors located on the dendritic spine of the CA1 region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to find the optimal dosage of K\u2010X and its association with the changes in dendritic spine number of the CA1 region for aged and young rats of both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We injected 150\u20134 mg\/kg of K\u2010X in young and 100\u20132 mg\/kg in aged Wistar rats intraperitoneally and recorded the onset time and duration of anaesthesia and death percentage. Then, animals were sacrificed, brains removed, cut and after Golgi\u2010Cox staining, the total number of dendritic spines on CA1 was estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings showed that the onset time of anaesthesia lasted longer and its duration lasted shorter, and the number of mature spines decreased with aging, but sex caused no significant effect. The death percentages in young groups comprise 20% and in the aged groups were lower: 5% in males and 0.0% in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It seems 100\u20132 mg\/kg of K\u2010X is an optimal dose in aged rats and retains an association with reduction of the mature dendritic spine of CA1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T21:43:35Z","timestamp":1663019015000},"page":"2545-2552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Optimisation of ketamine\u2010xylazine anaesthetic dose and its association with changes in the dendritic spine of CA1 hippocampus in the young and old male and female Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Narges","family":"Sotoudeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6635-2717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Namavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Neurology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90088-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339302100607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of various combinations of injectable anesthetics in BALB\/c mice","volume":"47","author":"Buitrago S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"652","article-title":"Ketamine\/xylazine anesthesia for radiologic imaging of neurologically impaired rats: Dose response, respiratory depression, and management of complications","volume":"54","author":"Dittmar M. 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