{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T14:39:03Z","timestamp":1774017543921,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a case of naturally occurring pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumatosis coli and emphysematous hepatitis in a cat. A 9\u2010month\u2010old, indoors\u2010only, female spayed, domestic medium hair cat presented for vomiting, open\u2010mouth breathing and acute collapse. The initial physical examination identified moderate to severe hypothermia [35\u00b0C (95\u00b0F)], obtunded mentation, weak femoral pulses, tachycardia (heart rate 240 beats per min), pale pink mucous membranes and significant splenomegaly on abdominal palpation. Immediate diagnostics performed [packed cell volume and total solids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCV<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>), venous blood gas and\u00a0electrolytes] revealed severe\u00a0anaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCV<\/jats:styled-content>12%), hypoproteinaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.2\u00a0g\/dl), and severe metabolic acidosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>6.956). Additional diagnostics performed included Feline Leukaemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus testing (FeLV\/FIV), complete blood count (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBC<\/jats:styled-content>) with pathology review, serum biochemistry profile, prothrombin time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>) and partial thromboplastin time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTT<\/jats:styled-content>), urinalysis, and abdominal radiographs. Abdominal radiographs were consistent with gas within hepatic and splenic veins and parenchyma, small intestinal walls and colonic wall. Due to the guarded prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Necropsy was performed and the most significant gross and histopathological findings included intra\u2010luminal and intra\u2010mural intestinal haemorrhage and vascular congestion with mild neutrophilic hepatitis, and marked hepatic periportal emphysema.<jats:italic>Clostridium perfrigens<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>were cultured from the bowel wall; no bacterial growth from the liver or spleen was identified. This case report describes idiopathic emphysematous hepatitis, with concurrent emphysema of the spleen and intestinal wall and intestinal haemorrhage. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this type of pathology in a feline patient has not been previously described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T10:52:48Z","timestamp":1519815168000},"page":"150-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pneumatosis of the intestines, colon and liver in a young cat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service Saint Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Tart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service Saint Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service Saint Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service Saint Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/934908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Emphysematous cholecystitis in a Siberian husky","volume":"41","author":"Armstrong J.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Emphysematous cholecystitis in a dog: A radiographic diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Avgeris S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology","author":"Bailey W. 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