{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:28:00Z","timestamp":1783956480430,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine &amp;amp; Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Several markers have been described to characterise the population structure and genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>(F. hepatica)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). However, sequence analysis of a single genomic locus cannot provide sufficient resolution for the genetic diversity of the\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasite whose genomes are \u223c1.3 GB in size.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To gain a better understanding of the gene diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from western Iran and to identify the most informative markers as candidates for epidemiological studies, five housekeeping genes were evaluated using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MLST analysis was developed based on five genes (\n                      <jats:italic>ND1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pepck<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pold<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Cyt b<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>HSP70<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) after genomic DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. Nucleotide diversity and phylogeny analysis were conducted on both concatenated MLST loci and each individual locus. A median joining haplotype network was created to examine the haplotypes relationship among\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010three\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates (19\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 14\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were included in the study. A total of 2971\u00a0bp was analysed for each isolate and 31 sequence types (STs) were identified among the 33 isolates (19 for\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 14 for\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates). The STs produced 44 and 42 polymorphic sites and 17 and 14 haplotypes for\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. Haplotype diversity was 0.982 \u00b1 0.026 and 1.000 \u00b1 0.027 and nucleotide diversity was 0.00200 and 0.00353 \u00b1 0.00088 for\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. There was a high degree of genetic diversity with a Simpson's index of diversity of 0.98 and 1 for\n                      <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. While\n                      <jats:italic>HSP70<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pold<\/jats:italic>\n                      haplotypes from\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were separated by one to three mutational steps, the haplotype networks of\n                      <jats:italic>ND1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cyt b<\/jats:italic>\n                      were more complex and numerous mutational steps were found, likely due to recombination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although\n                      <jats:italic>HSP70<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pold<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes from\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      were invariant over the entire region of sequence coverage, MLST was useful for investigating the phylogenetic relationship of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. The present study also provided insight into markers more suitable for phylogenetic studies and the genetic structure of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T13:54:12Z","timestamp":1667829252000},"page":"924-933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of genetic markers for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of\n                    <i>Fasciola<\/i>\n                    isolates from Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Naser","family":"Nazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Bagher","family":"Rokni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madoka","family":"Ichikawa\u2010Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University  Morioka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Raeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Sciences Maragheh University of Medical Sciences  Maragheh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homa","family":"Hajjaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Falahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazdan","family":"Hamzavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Heydarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Qazvin University of Medical Sciences  Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Davari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1678-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keyphobad","family":"Ghadiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Bozorgomid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Molecular and morphometrical characterization of Fasciola species isolated from domestic ruminants in Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran","volume":"46","author":"Aryaeipour M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"The status of human and animal fascioliasis in Iran: A narrative review article","volume":"10","author":"Ashrafi K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.02.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Biliary of fascioliasis in Kermanshah Province","volume":"50","author":"Bashiri H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Western Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"967","article-title":"Epidemiology of fascioliasis in Kermanshah Province, western Iran","volume":"47","author":"Bozorgomid A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2019.100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04248-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0632-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00666207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Hall T.(Ed.) (1999).BioEdit: A user\u2010friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT.Nucleic Acids Symposium Series."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2175-8"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1847","article-title":"Molecular characterization of animal Fasciola spp. isolates from Lorestan Province, Western Iran","volume":"51","author":"Heydarian P.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.11.2465-2466.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2022.102562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1996520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07047-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18616-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-018-3920-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.4.367"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic and genetic variability of Fasciola gigantica in Kermanshah province, western Iran with an overview to understand haplotypes distribution in Asia and Africa","volume":"11","author":"Rokni M. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum: An International Quarterly Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"750","article-title":"Molecular evidence of human fasciolosis due to Fasciola gigantica in Iran: A case report","volume":"47","author":"Rokni M. B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4291230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/405740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2111-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102100"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.995","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/vms3.995","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vms3.995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1692636788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vms3.995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vms3.995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.995","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v2\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/VMS3.995\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2053-1095","2053-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-1095","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}