{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:32:50Z","timestamp":1793741570556,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a midge\u2010borne arbovirus that first emerged in the European ruminant population in 2011 and has since settled to an endemic pattern of disease outbreaks on an approximately 4\u2010year cycle when herd immunity from the previous circulation drops to a point allowing renewed widescale virus circulation. The impacts of trade restrictions on genetic products (semen, embryos) from affected areas were severe, particularly after the discovery that the virus is intermittently shed in the semen of a small number of bulls. The trade in small ruminant (ram and goat) semen is less than that of bulls; nonetheless, there has been no study into the shedding rate of SBV in ram semen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Semen samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a065) were collected as part of UK ram trials and artificial insemination studies around the period of the 2016\u20132018 SBV recirculation. Semen was preserved in RNA\n                      <jats:italic>later<\/jats:italic>\n                      for shipping, and RNA extraction with RNeasy and S gene RT\u2010quantitative PCR performed for SBV nucleic acid detection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No SBV RNA was detected in any samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While larger numbers of animals would be needed to completely exclude the possibility of SBV shedding in ram semen, this trial nonetheless highlights that this is likely a rare event if it occurs at all and is unlikely to play a role in disease transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T14:09:59Z","timestamp":1655734199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Failure to detect Schmallenberg virus RNA in ram semen in the UK (2016\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Curwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceri","family":"Stayley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Leicestershire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"Bishopton Veterinary Group, Ripon  North Yorkshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"Three Valleys Veterinary Irvinestown  Enniskillen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peers","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Leicestershire UK"},{"name":"Department of Livestock &amp; 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