{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:38:40Z","timestamp":1793482720217,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K07203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K07203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), caused by the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), has exhibited increasing infection rates in Japan. While many farms implement various infection prevention measures, practical challenges\u2014such as barn structure and availability of replacement cattle\u2014can hinder farm purification efforts. This study aimed to determine whether continuous monitoring of BLV proviral load (PVL) in cattle on a farm could be effective in tracking BLV infection dynamics, identification of BLV infection sources and the dynamics of BLV PVL enrichment on\u2010farm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bovine leukaemia virus infection was monitored over a 3\u2010year period in approximately 10% of cattle at a test farm located in Miyazaki Prefecture, an endemic area for BLV in southern Kyushu, Japan. Eight calves and five adult cows were included to assess vertical and horizontal transmission of BLV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All calves developed new BLV infections, which were traced to the nursing\/growing barn, the dry\/new milking barn at the Miyazaki farm, and the point of deposit in Hokkaido, Japan, for rearing and artificial insemination. In BLV\u2010positive adult cows, an increasing trend in PVL was observed. These findings indicate that continuous monitoring of a subset of cattle enables effective tracking of infection dynamics and identification of infection sources; thus, supporting the implementation of targeted prevention measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite heightened awareness among farmers regarding livestock quarantine, consistent and long\u2010term control of BLV infections remains challenging. The results underscore the necessity of expert\u2010guided management strategies tailored to BLV control, informed by ongoing infection monitoring. This study highlights husbandry management factors, including barn structure and cattle boarding practices, and provides new insights into the transmission routes of BLV in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T09:05:32Z","timestamp":1751015132000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Importance of continuous monitoring of bovine leukaemia virus infection on farms in bovine leukaemia virus\u2010endemic areas of Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chikako","family":"Tani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences University of Miyazaki  Kiyotake Miyazaki Japan"},{"name":"Division of HTLV\u20101\/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kagoshima University  Kagoshima\u2010shi Kagoshima 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University of Miyazaki  Kiyotake Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4944-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Nakahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences University of Miyazaki  Kiyotake Miyazaki Japan"},{"name":"Division of HTLV\u20101\/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kagoshima University  Kagoshima\u2010shi Kagoshima 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