{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:19:42Z","timestamp":1790029182071,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dog bites continue to be a serious public health issue due to their association with the transmission of rabies virus. In Kenya, there are no studies estimating dog\u2010bite incidence. Annual mortalities resulting from dog\u2010mediated rabies are estimated at 523 (95% confidence interval 134\u20131100). The main objective of this study was to assess major risk factors associated with dog bites in Kitui South subcounty, Kenya, between 2017 and 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 387 dog\u2010bite patients (cases) and 387 non\u2010bite patients (controls) for the case\u2013control study from the Mutomo Mission Hospital and the Ikutha Level 4 Hospital records. Multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between risk factors and dog\u2010bite cases. In the final model, pairwise interactions among variables were evaluated. The model fit was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study found that the dog\u2010bite incidence was highest in Kanziko ward in Kitui South subcounty. Fifty\u2010one percent (108 bites) of dog\u2010bite victims were children under 15 years of age, with 53% (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 68) being men and 36% (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 77) being bitten on the limbs. Dog bites mostly (44%,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 93) occurred between October and December (short rainy season). Age group and season were identified as the most significant variables for high dog\u2010bite incidence in Kitui South subcounty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Promotion of responsible dog ownership and reinforcement of dog control policies may prove more effective in reducing dog\u2010bite injuries in Kitui South subcounty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.72","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T01:39:03Z","timestamp":1696901943000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A review of human dog\u2010bite injuries in Kitui South subcounty, Kenya (2017\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Peris","family":"Kung\u2032u","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Veterinary Association  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brodbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Science The Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.27.81.7360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997\u2010018\u20100145\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.12.011"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs","volume":"8","author":"Ghasemzadeh I","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010019\u20106559\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010048551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.769898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Animal bites newsroom fact sheet 2018. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/animal\u2010bites. Accessed 3 Sep 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2017\u20100212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102017\u2010209330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajid.v35i1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010018\u20105888\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"5318","article-title":"Estimates of human cases of dog bites and rabies and economic burden of dog bites in Homa Bay County, Kenya","volume":"99","author":"Odero CO","year":"2022","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.2019 Kenya population and housing census volume I: population by county and sub\u2010county. Available from:https:\/\/www.knbs.or.ke\/?wpdmpro=2019\u2010kenya\u2010population\u2010and\u2010housing\u2010census\u2010volume\u2010i\u2010population\u2010by\u2010county\u2010and\u2010sub\u2010county. Accessed 3 Sept 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"OpenEpi\u2014sample size for unmatched case\u2013control studies. Available from:https:\/\/www.openepi.com\/SampleSize\/SSCC.htm. Accessed 3 Sep 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11061112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141\u20109248.181836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7416\/ai.2021.2480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.255.4745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12834\/VetIt.150.431.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Laws of Kenya. Rabies Act CAP. 365. Available from:http:\/\/kenyalaw.org:8181\/exist\/kenyalex\/sublegview.xql?subleg=CAP.%20365. Accessed 3 Sep 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Animal bites","author":"Maniscalco K","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33140\/bscr.02.02.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.029868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005\u20101451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v6n1p107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajmhs.ajmhs_59_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"Enugu State Nigeria. Population statistics charts map and location. Available from:https:\/\/citypopulation.de\/en\/nigeria\/admin\/NGA014__enugu\/. Accessed 6 Sep 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"Kitui County Kenya. Population statistics charts map and location. Available from:https:\/\/citypopulation.de\/en\/kenya\/sub\/admin\/15__kitui\/. Accessed 6 Sep 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Newsroom: new global strategic plan to eliminate dog\u2010mediated rabies by 2030. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/commentaries\/detail\/new\u2010global\u2010strategic\u2010plan\u2010to\u2010eliminate\u2010dog\u2010mediated\u2010rabies\u2010by\u20102030. Accessed 3 Sep 2023"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Record Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vro2.72","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T09:51:34Z","timestamp":1761645094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vro2.72"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vro2.72"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vro2.72","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-2050","2052-6113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-2050","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-6113","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"article-number":"e72"}}