{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:20:06Z","timestamp":1793420406274,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Record Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rabies is still endemic in India causing an estimated 20,000 human deaths a year. Free roaming dogs and unvaccinated owned dogs play a major role in the maintenance of the disease. Dog vaccination is the most crucial aspect of rabies prevention and control strategies; therefore vaccine immunogenicity and longevity are important determinants of the efficiency of rabies control efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study at Madras Veterinary College, India, a total of 297 serum samples were collected from owned dogs that were vaccinated against rabies. Data regarding age, gender, breed, neuter status and last date of vaccination were collected at the time of blood collection. The level of rabies virus neutralising antibodies in the sera of these dogs was measured through rapid focus fluorescence inhibition test. The factors associated with protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs were investigated through multivariable regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional investigation shows that only 40% (119\/297) of the all the dogs in the study showed presence of protective level of anti\u2010rabies antibodies, and 40% (72\/180) of the dogs vaccinated within the last year showed presence of protective levels of antibodies causing concern about rabies vaccine quality and its impact on rabies control. The study also shows that older and neutered dogs are more likely to have protective titre among vaccinated dogs, while non\u2010descript breed dogs are less likely to have a protective titre compared to pure breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study 60% (108\/180) of young prima dogs and adult dogs did not show protective levels of antibodies within the year of last rabies vaccination, although they had previous vaccination history. This high percentage of apparent non\u2010responders is a cause of concern of administration, distribution, storage, potency and quality management of vaccines in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/vro2.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T14:57:30Z","timestamp":1617634650000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigation of protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs in Chennai, India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gowri","family":"Yale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mission Rabies Veterinary Hospital Complex  Panaji Goa India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada","family":"Sudarshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Taj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesan Irulappan","family":"Patchimuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Apolllo College of Veterinary Medicine  Jaipur Rajasthan India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharathi Vijaya","family":"Mangalanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine Madras Veterinary College Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin Yajaman","family":"Belludi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusudana Narayan","family":"Shampur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tirumurugaan Gopalan","family":"Krishnaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonoses Research Laboratory Centre for Animal Health Studies Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Mazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics and Genomics The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO expert consultation on rabies. 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