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After crossing the midline, many of these axons must travel long distances to reach their targets, including those that extend from spinal commissural neurons. Owing to the highly stereotyped trajectories of spinal commissural neurons that can be divided into several segments as these axons project to their targets, it is an ideal system for investigators to ask fundamental questions related to mechanisms of short\u2010 and long\u2010range axon guidance, fasciculation, and choice point decisions at the midline intermediate target. In addition, studies of patterning genes of the nervous system have revealed complex transcription factor codes that function in a combinatorial fashion to specify individual classes of spinal neurons including commissural neurons. Despite these advances and the functional importance of spinal commissural neurons in mediating the transfer of external sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNS<\/jats:styled-content>) to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>, only a handful of studies have begun to elucidate the mechanistic logic underlying their long\u2010range pathfinding and the characterization of their synaptic targets. Using <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assays, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> labeling methodologies, in combination with both loss\u2010 and gain\u2010of\u2010function experiments, several studies have revealed that the molecular mechanisms of long\u2010range spinal commissural axon pathfinding involve an interplay between classical axon guidance cues, morphogens and cell adhesion molecules. <jats:italic>WIREs Dev Biol<\/jats:italic> 2015, 4:283\u2013297. doi: 10.1002\/wdev.173<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns &gt; Gradients<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nervous System Development &gt; Vertebrates: General Principles<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nervous System Development &gt; Vertebrates: Regional Development<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T16:10:37Z","timestamp":1422029437000},"page":"283-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vertebrate spinal commissural neurons: a model system for studying axon guidance beyond the midline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Edward","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University  Newark NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy S.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers University  Newark NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PiperMJ KeynesRJ CookGMW. 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