{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:04:14Z","timestamp":1792659854362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,27]],"date-time":"2012-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WIREs Developmental Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The free\u2010living nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> is one of the most important model organisms in all areas of modern biology. Using the knowledge about <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>elegans<\/jats:italic> as a baseline, nematodes are now intensively studied in evolution and development. Evolutionary developmental biology or for short, \u2018evo\u2010devo\u2019 has been developed as a new research discipline during the last two decades to investigate how changes in developmental processes and mechanisms result in the modification of morphological structures and phenotypic novelty. In this article, we review the concepts that make nematode evo\u2010devo a successful approach to evolutionary biology. We introduce selected model systems for nematode evo\u2010devo and provide a detailed discussion of four selected case studies. The most striking finding of nematode evo\u2010devo is the magnitude of developmental variation in the context of a conserved body plan. Detailed investigation of early embryogenesis, gonad formation, vulva development, and sex determination revealed that molecular mechanisms evolve rapidly, often in the context of a conserved body plan. These studies highlight the importance of developmental systems drift and neutrality in evolution. <jats:italic>WIREs Dev Biol<\/jats:italic> 2012, 1:389\u2013400. doi: 10.1002\/wdev.33<\/jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Comparative Development and Evolution &gt; Model Systems<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Comparative Development and Evolution &gt; Regulation of Organ Diversity<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Comparative Development and Evolution &gt; Evolutionary Novelties<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,27]],"date-time":"2012-01-27T22:23:53Z","timestamp":1327703033000},"page":"389-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Nematode model systems in evolution and development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ralf 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