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The infecting (oo)cyst forms of these parasites are highly resistant to water treatments such as chlorine disinfection and fast filtration. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial risk of infection and symptomatic illness by the ingestion of <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. in water for human consumption in Colombia, based on the results of water quality surveillance. The detection method was according to the USEPA method 1623. Concentration data of the different points of distribution were grouped according to the pathogen and type of treatment (no treatment; chlorine treatment; chlorine treatment + coagulant). Annual microbial risks of infection and symptomatic diseases were estimated using the quantitative microbial risk assessment approach that included parasite concentrations, the dose\u2013response model, the ingestion rates of water by children and adults, and the morbidity rate of the diseases. The mean annual microbial risk of infection for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp. was 29.8% for treated water and 50.4% for untreated water, while being 6.0% and 17.7%, respectively, for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. Microbial risk of symptomatic illness for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp, was 8.2% for treated water and 13.9% for untreated water, while being 3.6% and 10.6%, respectively, for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. The estimated annual microbial risks of infection exceeded the acceptable value of 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> (0.01%) recommended by USEPA. Results obtained in this study suggest the need to reduce the microbial risk of infection to protozoan parasites by improving the water treatment, by adopting better handling practices for livestock manure and treatment processes of human feces.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The presence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp was identified in 28 (6.2%) samples and <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp in 29 (6.4%) in water for human consumption in Colombia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The mean annual risk of symptomatic illness due to infection by <jats:italic>Giardia spp<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium spp<\/jats:italic> ranges from 33.6%, for treated water, to 58.1%, for untreated water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Annual risks ingestion of protozoa studying in water for human exceed of 10\u20104 (0.01%) recommended by USEPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.10776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T02:42:50Z","timestamp":1659494570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment microbial risks for the presence of <scp><i>Cryptosporidium spp<\/i>.<\/scp> and <scp><i>Giardia spp<\/i>.<\/scp> based on the surveillance of the water supply systems in Colombia, 2014\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Blanca Lisseth","family":"Guzm\u00e1n Barrag\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Faculty University of Applied and Environmental Sciences (UDCA)  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Souza Lauretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts Science and Humanities,University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"NARA \u2010 Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Tereza Pepe","family":"Razzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NARA \u2010 Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"School of Public Health Universidade of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelaide C\u00e1ssia","family":"Nardocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NARA \u2010 Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"School of Public Health Universidade of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4358-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Vanessa","family":"Marim\u00f3n Sibaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Sciences Technology and Engineering, National Open and Distance University (UNAD)  Ibagu\u00e9 Tolima Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2014.989492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2019.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Water safety plan manual: Step\u2010by\u2010step risk management for drinking water suppliers","author":"Batram J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology","author":"Carmena D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Decreto 1575 del 9 de mayo de 2007, por el cual se establece el Sistema para la Protecci\u00f3n y Control de la Calidad del Agua para Consumo Humano. 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