{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:38:41Z","timestamp":1781127521241,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xylem Corporation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutrient recovery from municipal wastewater was evaluated using anion exchange media loaded with hydrated ferric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFO<\/jats:styled-content>) and copper (Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) (Dow\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Cu resin) to selectively capture phosphate, followed by clinoptilolite for ammonium removal and recovery. Nutrients were concentrated in the regenerants and recovered as precipitated struvite. Media exchange capacity after multiple ion exchange cycles was determined using permeate from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (An<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MBR<\/jats:styled-content>) treating synthetic or actual municipal wastewater from a full\u2010scale water reclamation facility. Regeneration through five ion exchange cycles using relatively low concentration regenerant solution (2% NaCl and 0.5% Na<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>) resulted in the highest phosphate exchange capacity and phosphate recovery. This regenerant also provided the most consistent ammonium recovery. Column tests treating An<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MBR<\/jats:styled-content> permeate were performed over five ion exchange cycles; Dow\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Cu resin exchange capacities ranged from 1.6 to 2.8\u00a0mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010P\/g dry media. A maximum of 94% of the removed phosphate was recovered during regeneration. The rate and extent of regeneration was insensitive to regenerant salt concentrations in the range investigated. Precipitation using a mixture of the spent regeneration brines from the Dow\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Cu resin and clinoptilolite columns produced low molar ratios of Mg:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, suggesting that the recovered product was not pure struvite.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Ion exchange\u2010precipitation for the removal and recovery of <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/wer1080-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10614303:media:wer1080:wer1080-math-0001\"\/> and NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> from AnMBR permeate is a promising technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>2% NaCl + 0.5% NaOH regeneration solution provided the most consistent exchange performance for both phosphate and ammonium recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Regenerated Dow\u2010HFO\u2010Cu resin exchange capacity was consistently less than the virgin resin, likely due to copper leaching during regeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Molar ratios in the precipitates suggested that the precipitated material was not pure struvite.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.1080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T04:28:28Z","timestamp":1549686508000},"page":"606-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ion exchange nutrient recovery from anaerobic membrane bioreactor permeate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Mullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Marquette University  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9779-9909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaushik","family":"Venkiteshwaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Marquette University  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Zitomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Marquette University  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke K.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Marquette University  Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"APHA; AWWA; WEF","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es401140s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2001)127:8(673)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2005.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b01239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es2014264"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(97)00332-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2016.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2013-1123.ch010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Anaerobic biotechnology and odor\/corrosion control for municipalities and industries","author":"Speece R. 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