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In this study, Feng\u2010Sang River sediments were analyzed to investigate the distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), potentially carcinogenic PAHs (TEQ<jats:sup>carc<\/jats:sup>), and toxic equivalence quotient (TEQ) were applied to evaluate influences of PAHs on ecosystems and microbial diversities. Results indicate that PAHs concentrations varied between seasons and locations. The concentrations of \u2211<jats:sub>16<\/jats:sub>PAHs ranged from 73.6 to 603.8\u2009ng\/kg in dry seasons and from 2.3 to 199.3\u2009ng\/kg in wet seasons. This could be because of the flushing effect during wet seasons, which caused the movement and dilution of the PAH\u2010contaminated sediments. Diagnostic ratio analysis infers that high PAHs levels were generated by combustion processes and vehicle traffic, and results from multivariate descriptive statistical analysis also demonstrate that the vehicular traffic pollution could be the major emission source of PAHs contamination. Comparisons of PAHs with SQGs indicate that PAHs concentrations in sediment were below the effects range low (ERL) values, and thus, the immediate threat to organisms might not be significant. The diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAH source appointment. The metagenomic assay results imply that sediments contained essential microbial species with eminent diversity. The detected PAH\u2010degrading bacteria (<jats:italic>Desulfatiglans, Dechloromonas, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Rhodobacter, Clostridium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Exiguobacterium<\/jats:italic>) played a key role in PAHs biotransformation, and <jats:italic>Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter<\/jats:italic> had a higher relative abundance. Results of microbial diversity analyses indicate that the contaminated environment induced the changes of governing microbial groups in sediments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAHs source appointment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Microbial composition in sediments are highly affected by anthropogenic pollution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Combustion and vehicle traffic contribute to urban river sediments pollution by PAHs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p><jats:italic>Dechloromonas<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rhodobacter<\/jats:italic> are dominant PAHs\u2010degrading bacteria in sediments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.10810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T15:43:29Z","timestamp":1667835809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Toxicity determination, pollution source delineation, and microbial diversity evaluation of PAHs\u2010contaminated sediments for an urban river"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jin\u2010Min","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao\u2010Ling","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rao Y.","family":"Surampalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability  Lenexa Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian C.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung\u2010Yu","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6151-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Ming","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17576\/jsm-2018-4707-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110751727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2019.1709793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06437-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"The use of molecular tools to characterize functional microbial communities in contaminated areas. 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