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In this study, three veterinary pharmaceuticals including tetracycline, ivermectin, and salicylic acid were investigated in a piggery effluent from Western Cape, South Africa. Three freshwater organisms' taxonomic groups (<jats:italic>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Daphnia magna<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:italic>Tetrahymena thermophila<\/jats:italic>) were used to determine the ecological risk of different treated piggery effluent concentration range of 1%, 10%, and 20% and a cocktail mixture of veterinary pharmaceuticals of environmental concerns. The average concentration of veterinary pharmaceuticals was in the range of 47.35, 7.19, and 1.46\u2009\u03bcg\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for salicylic acid, chloro\u2010tetracycline, and ivermectin, respectively. <jats:italic>P.\u00a0subcapitata<\/jats:italic> exposed to 20% piggery wastewater effluent at 24\u2010 and 48\u2010h EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> showed a toxicity value of 14.2% and 13.6% (v\/v), respectively. The study established the ecological risk of the test compounds as low to medium risk for low\u2010level dose and low concentrations of piggery effluent. The relative sensitivity ranking of the taxa drawn is microalgae\u2009&gt;\u2009protozoa\u2009&gt;\u2009Cladocera. The study results demonstrated that a high dose of piggery effluent and mixtures of veterinary pharmaceutical can pose a high risk in freshwater ecosystems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner Points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Transport processes of veterinary antibiotics into the environment were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Dilution effect of the veterinary pharmaceutical on the antibiotic levels exists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>High dose of piggery effluent presented an ecological risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.10833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T05:54:36Z","timestamp":1671602076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The potential ecological 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