{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:35:40Z","timestamp":1784003740147,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,8]],"date-time":"2020-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 51908245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 51908245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Environment Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>As a promising strategy to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater, optimization of the struvite (MgNH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>.6H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) precipitation parameters is required to achieve desirable phosphorus removal efficiency. To tackle the challenges upon the precipitation optimization methods as three\u2010level full factorial designs, and central composite design as well, Box\u2013Behnken design was implemented to optimize different reaction parameters for phosphorus removal and recovery during struvite precipitation in the current study. Moreover, the reaction orders and the rate equation were all determined to reveal the reaction kinetics parameters of struvite precipitation. The results showed that the optimal operating parameters of pH, Mg\/P ratio and N\/P ratio were 9.82, 1.45, and 4.00, respectively, by which more than 95% of phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved. In addition, it was found that pH and pH\/(N\/P) had the most influence on phosphorus removal efficiency among different individual factors and interactive items, respectively. The partial orders of PO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010P, Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and \n\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/wer1311-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:10614303:media:wer1311:wer1311-math-0001\"\/> in kinetic rate equation were determined as 1.586, 0.930, and 1.236 while the rate constant k was 0.0167\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.0014\u00a0mM<jats:sup>\u20102.752<\/jats:sup> per minute by differential method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Practitioner points<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Different reaction parameters were optimized by Box\u2013Behnken design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>pH and pH\/(N\/P) had the most influence on phosphorus removal efficiency among different individual factors and interactive items.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The reaction orders and the rate equation were all determined to reveal the reaction kinetics parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.1311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T04:50:51Z","timestamp":1582087851000},"page":"1162-1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Optimization and reaction kinetics analysis for phosphorus removal in struvite precipitation process"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Shanghai Architectural Design &amp; Research Institute Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Civil Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology Wuxi China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2013.813101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2013.10.014"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"2598","article-title":"Effect of pH on precipitate composition during phosphorus recovery as struvite from swine wastewater","volume":"32","author":"Bao X.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Huan Jing Ke Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2016.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143009X12529484815755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2013.865790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.01.018"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization and kinetics of nutrient removal from wastewater by chemical precipitation of struvite","volume":"54","author":"Chong N. 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